essay on climate change for class 5

Climate Change Essay for Students and Children

500+ words climate change essay.

Climate change refers to the change in the environmental conditions of the earth. This happens due to many internal and external factors. The climatic change has become a global concern over the last few decades. Besides, these climatic changes affect life on the earth in various ways. These climatic changes are having various impacts on the ecosystem and ecology. Due to these changes, a number of species of plants and animals have gone extinct.

When Did it Start?

The climate started changing a long time ago due to human activities but we came to know about it in the last century. During the last century, we started noticing the climatic change and its effect on human life. We started researching on climate change and came to know that the earth temperature is rising due to a phenomenon called the greenhouse effect. The warming up of earth surface causes many ozone depletion, affect our agriculture , water supply, transportation, and several other problems.

Reason Of Climate Change

Although there are hundreds of reason for the climatic change we are only going to discuss the natural and manmade (human) reasons.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

Natural Reasons

These include volcanic eruption , solar radiation, tectonic plate movement, orbital variations. Due to these activities, the geographical condition of an area become quite harmful for life to survive. Also, these activities raise the temperature of the earth to a great extent causing an imbalance in nature.

Human Reasons

Man due to his need and greed has done many activities that not only harm the environment but himself too. Many plant and animal species go extinct due to human activity. Human activities that harm the climate include deforestation, using fossil fuel , industrial waste , a different type of pollution and many more. All these things damage the climate and ecosystem very badly. And many species of animals and birds got extinct or on a verge of extinction due to hunting.

Effects Of Climatic Change

These climatic changes have a negative impact on the environment. The ocean level is rising, glaciers are melting, CO2 in the air is increasing, forest and wildlife are declining, and water life is also getting disturbed due to climatic changes. Apart from that, it is calculated that if this change keeps on going then many species of plants and animals will get extinct. And there will be a heavy loss to the environment.

What will be Future?

If we do not do anything and things continue to go on like right now then a day in future will come when humans will become extinct from the surface of the earth. But instead of neglecting these problems we start acting on then we can save the earth and our future.

Although humans mistake has caused great damage to the climate and ecosystem. But, it is not late to start again and try to undo what we have done until now to damage the environment. And if every human start contributing to the environment then we can be sure of our existence in the future.

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Climate Change Essay

500+ words essay on climate change.

Climate change is a major global challenge today, and the world is becoming more vulnerable to this change. Climate change refers to the changes in Earth’s climate condition. It describes the changes in the atmosphere which have taken place over a period ranging from decades to millions of years. A recent report from the United Nations predicted that the average global temperature could increase by 6˚ Celsius at the end of the century. Climate change has an adverse effect on the environment and ecosystem. With the help of this essay, students will get to know the causes and effects of climate change and possible solutions. Also, they will be able to write essays on similar topics and can boost their writing skills.

What Causes Climate Change?

The Earth’s climate has always changed and evolved. Some of these changes have been due to natural causes such as volcanic eruptions, floods, forest fires etc., but quite a few of them are due to human activities. Human activities such as deforestation, burning fossil fuels, farming livestock etc., generate an enormous amount of greenhouse gases. This results in the greenhouse effect and global warming which are the major causes of climate change.

Effects of Climate Change

If the current situation of climate change continues in a similar manner, then it will impact all forms of life on the earth. The earth’s temperature will rise, the monsoon patterns will change, sea levels will rise, and storms, volcanic eruptions and natural disasters will occur frequently. The biological and ecological balance of the earth will get disturbed. The environment will get polluted and humans will not be able to get fresh air to breathe and fresh water to drink. Life on earth will come to an end.

Steps to be Taken to Reduce Climate Change

The Government of India has taken many measures to improve the dire situation of Climate Change. The Ministry of Environment and Forests is the nodal agency for climate change issues in India. It has initiated several climate-friendly measures, particularly in the area of renewable energy. India took several steps and policy initiatives to create awareness about climate change and help capacity building for adaptation measures. It has initiated a “Green India” programme under which various trees are planted to make the forest land more green and fertile.

We need to follow the path of sustainable development to effectively address the concerns of climate change. We need to minimise the use of fossil fuels, which is the major cause of global warming. We must adopt alternative sources of energy, such as hydropower, solar and wind energy to make a progressive transition to clean energy. Mahatma Gandhi said that “Earth provides enough to satisfy every man’s need, but not any man’s greed”. With this view, we must remodel our outlook and achieve the goal of sustainable development. By adopting clean technologies, equitable distribution of resources and addressing the issues of equity and justice, we can make our developmental process more harmonious with nature.

We hope students liked this essay on Climate Change and gathered useful information on this topic so that they can write essays in their own words. To get more study material related to the CBSE, ICSE, State Board and Competitive exams, keep visiting the BYJU’S website.

Frequently Asked Questions on climate change Essay

What are the reasons for climate change.

1. Deforestation 2. Excessive usage of fossil fuels 3. Water, Soil pollution 4. Plastic and other non-biodegradable waste 5. Wildlife and nature extinction

How can we save this climate change situation?

1. Avoid over usage of natural resources 2. Do not use or buy items made from animals 3. Avoid plastic usage and pollution

Are there any natural causes for climate change?

Yes, some of the natural causes for climate change are: 1. Solar variations 2. Volcanic eruption and tsunamis 3. Earth’s orbital changes

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Essay on Climate Change: Check Samples in 100, 250 Words

• Updated on  
• September 21, 2023

Writing an essay on climate change is crucial to raise awareness and advocate for action. The world is facing environmental challenges, so in a situation like this such essay topics can serve as s platform to discuss the causes, effects, and solutions to this pressing issue. They offer an opportunity to engage readers in understanding the urgency of mitigating climate change for the sake of our planet’s future.

Must Read: Essay On Environment  

Table of Contents

• 1 What Is Climate Change?
• 2 What are the Causes of Climate Change?
• 3 What are the effects of Climate Change?
• 4 How to fight climate change?
• 5 Essay On Climate Change in 100 Words
• 6 Climate Change Sample Essay 250 Words

What Is Climate Change?

Climate change is the significant variation of average weather conditions becoming, for example, warmer, wetter, or drier—over several decades or longer. It may be natural or anthropogenic. However, in recent times, it’s been in the top headlines due to escalations caused by human interference.

What are the Causes of Climate Change?

Obama at the First Session of COP21 rightly quoted “We are the first generation to feel the impact of climate change, and the last generation that can do something about it.”.Identifying the causes of climate change is the first step to take in our fight against climate change. Below stated are some of the causes of climate change:

• Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Mainly from burning fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas) for energy and transportation.
• Deforestation: The cutting down of trees reduces the planet’s capacity to absorb carbon dioxide.
• Industrial Processes: Certain manufacturing activities release potent greenhouse gases.
• Agriculture: Livestock and rice cultivation emit methane, a potent greenhouse gas.

What are the effects of Climate Change?

Climate change poses a huge risk to almost all life forms on Earth. The effects of climate change are listed below:

• Global Warming: Increased temperatures due to trapped heat from greenhouse gases.
• Melting Ice and Rising Sea Levels: Ice caps and glaciers melt, causing oceans to rise.
• Extreme Weather Events: More frequent and severe hurricanes, droughts, and wildfires.
• Ocean Acidification: Oceans absorb excess CO2, leading to more acidic waters harming marine life.
• Disrupted Ecosystems: Shifting climate patterns disrupt habitats and threaten biodiversity.
• Food and Water Scarcity: Altered weather affects crop yields and strains water resources.
• Human Health Risks: Heat-related illnesses and the spread of diseases.
• Economic Impact: Damage to infrastructure and increased disaster-related costs.
• Migration and Conflict: Climate-induced displacement and resource competition.

How to fight climate change?

‘Climate change is a terrible problem, and it absolutely needs to be solved. It deserves to be a huge priority,’ says Bill Gates. The below points highlight key actions to combat climate change effectively.

• Energy Efficiency: Improve energy efficiency in all sectors.
• Protect Forests: Stop deforestation and promote reforestation.
• Sustainable Agriculture: Adopt eco-friendly farming practices.
• Advocacy: Raise awareness and advocate for climate-friendly policies.
• Innovation: Invest in green technologies and research.
• Government Policies: Enforce climate-friendly regulations and targets.
• Corporate Responsibility: Encourage sustainable business practices.
• Individual Action: Reduce personal carbon footprint and inspire others.

Essay On Climate Change in 100 Words

Climate change refers to long-term alterations in Earth’s climate patterns, primarily driven by human activities, such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation, which release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. These gases trap heat, leading to global warming. The consequences of climate change are widespread and devastating. Rising temperatures cause polar ice caps to melt, contributing to sea level rise and threatening coastal communities. Extreme weather events, like hurricanes and wildfires, become more frequent and severe, endangering lives and livelihoods. Additionally, shifts in weather patterns can disrupt agriculture, leading to food shortages. To combat climate change, global cooperation, renewable energy adoption, and sustainable practices are crucial for a more sustainable future.

Must Read: Essay On Global Warming

Climate Change Sample Essay 250 Words

Climate change represents a pressing global challenge that demands immediate attention and concerted efforts. Human activities, primarily the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation, have significantly increased the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. This results in a greenhouse effect, trapping heat and leading to a rise in global temperatures, commonly referred to as global warming.

The consequences of climate change are far-reaching and profound. Rising sea levels threaten coastal communities, displacing millions and endangering vital infrastructure. Extreme weather events, such as hurricanes, droughts, and wildfires, have become more frequent and severe, causing devastating economic and human losses. Disrupted ecosystems affect biodiversity and the availability of vital resources, from clean water to agricultural yields.

Moreover, climate change has serious implications for food and water security. Changing weather patterns disrupt traditional farming practices and strain freshwater resources, potentially leading to conflicts over access to essential commodities.

Addressing climate change necessitates a multifaceted approach. First, countries must reduce their greenhouse gas emissions through the transition to renewable energy sources, increased energy efficiency, and reforestation efforts. International cooperation is crucial to set emission reduction targets and hold nations accountable for meeting them.

In conclusion, climate change is a global crisis with profound and immediate consequences. Urgent action is needed to mitigate its impacts and secure a sustainable future for our planet. By reducing emissions and implementing adaptation strategies, we can protect vulnerable communities, preserve ecosystems, and ensure a livable planet for future generations. The time to act is now.

Climate change refers to long-term shifts in Earth’s climate patterns, primarily driven by human activities like burning fossil fuels and deforestation.

Five key causes of climate change include excessive greenhouse gas emissions from human activities, notably burning fossil fuels and deforestation. 

We hope this blog gave you an idea about how to write and present an essay on climate change that puts forth your opinions. The skill of writing an essay comes in handy when appearing for standardized language tests. Thinking of taking one soon? Leverage Edu provides the best online test prep for the same via Leverage Live . Register today to know more!

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Essay on Climate Change

Climate Change Essay - The globe is growing increasingly sensitive to climate change. It is currently a serious worldwide concern. The term "Climate Change" describes changes to the earth's climate. It explains the atmospheric changes that have occurred across time, spanning from decades to millions of years. Here are some sample essays on climate change.

100 Words Essay on Climate Change

200 words essay on climate change, 500 words essay on climate change.

The climatic conditions on Earth are changing due to climate change. Several internal and external variables, such as solar radiation, variations in the Earth's orbit, volcanic eruptions, plate tectonics, etc., are to blame for this.

There are strategies for climate change reduction. If not implemented, the weather might get worse, there might be water scarcity, there could be lower agricultural output, and it might affect people's ability to make a living. In order to breathe clean air and drink pure water, you must concentrate on limiting human activity. These are the simple measures that may be taken to safeguard the environment and its resources.

The climate of the Earth has changed significantly over time. While some of these changes were brought on by natural events like volcanic eruptions, floods, forest fires, etc., many of the changes were brought on by human activity. The burning of fossil fuels, domesticating livestock, and other human activities produce a significant quantity of greenhouse gases. This results in an increase of greenhouse effect and global warming which are the major causes for climate change.

Reasons of Climate Change

Some of the reasons of climate change are:

Deforestation

Excessive use of fossil fuels

Water and soil pollution

Plastic and other non biodegradable waste

Wildlife and nature extinction

Consequences of Climate Change

All kinds of life on earth will be affected by climate change if it continues to change at the same pace. The earth's temperature will increase, the monsoon patterns will shift, the sea level will rise, and there will be more frequent storms, volcano eruptions, and other natural calamities. The earth's biological and ecological equilibrium will be disturbed. Humans won't be able to access clean water or air to breathe when the environment becomes contaminated. The end of life on this earth is imminent. To reduce the issue of climate change, we need to bring social awareness along with strict measures to protect and preserve the natural environment.

A shift in the world's climatic pattern is referred to as climate change. Over the centuries, the climate pattern of our planet has undergone modifications. The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has significantly grown.

When Did Climate Change Begin

It is possible to see signs of climate change as early as the beginning of the industrial revolution. The pace at which the manufacturers produced things on a large scale required a significant amount of raw materials. Since the raw materials being transformed into finished products now have such huge potential for profit, these business models have spread quickly over the world. Hazardous substances and chemicals build up in the environment as a result of company emissions and waste disposal.

Although climate change is a natural occurrence, it is evident that human activity is turning into the primary cause of the current climate change situation. The major cause is the growing population. Natural resources are utilised more and more as a result of the population's fast growth placing a heavy burden on the available resources. Over time, as more and more products and services are created, pollution will eventually increase.

Causes of Climate Change

There are a number of factors that have contributed towards weather change in the past and continue to do so. Let us look at a few:

Solar Radiation |The climate of earth is determined by how quickly the sun's energy is absorbed and distributed throughout space. This energy is transmitted throughout the world by the winds, ocean currents etc which affects the climatic conditions of the world. Changes in solar intensity have an effect on the world's climate.

Deforestation | The atmosphere's carbon dioxide is stored by trees. As a result of their destruction, carbon dioxide builds up more quickly since there are no trees to absorb it. Additionally, trees release the carbon they stored when we burn them.

Agriculture | Many kinds of greenhouse gases are released into the atmosphere by growing crops and raising livestock. Animals, for instance, create methane, a greenhouse gas that is 30 times more potent than carbon dioxide. The nitrous oxide used in fertilisers is roughly 300 times more strong than carbon dioxide.

How to Prevent Climate Change

We need to look out for drastic steps to stop climate change since it is affecting the resources and life on our planet. We can stop climate change if the right solutions are put in place. Here are some strategies for reducing climate change:

Raising public awareness of climate change

Prohibiting tree-cutting and deforestation.

Ensure the surroundings are clean.

Refrain from using chemical fertilisers.

Water and other natural resource waste should be reduced.

Protect the animals and plants.

Purchase energy-efficient goods and equipment.

Increase the number of trees in the neighbourhood and its surroundings.

Follow the law and safeguard the environment's resources.

Reduce the amount of energy you use.

During the last few decades especially, climate change has grown to be of concern. Global concern has been raised over changes in the Earth's climatic pattern. The causes of climate change are numerous, as well as the effects of it and it is our responsibility as inhabitants of this planet to look after its well being and leave it in a better condition for future generations.

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Essay On Climate Change – 10 Lines, Short and Long Essay For Kids

Key Points To Remember When Writing An Essay On Climate Change For Lower Primary Classes

10 lines on climate change for kids, paragraph on climate change for children, short essay on climate change in 250 words for kids, long essay on climate change in english for children, interesting facts about climate change for kids, what will your child learn from the essay.

Climate change is described as a shift in weather conditions due to human and environmental factors. We are experiencing temperatures rising at substantial rates on earth, and because of this, icecaps are melting. Global warming is a significant concern which is why learning about various hazards such as air, water, and soil pollution, industrial waste disposal, contamination of resources, etc., is crucial. We are going to talk about how to write an essay on climate change for classes 1, 2, and 3 children. A climate change essay in English isn’t hard to comprehend and can be simple; we’ll show you below.

Climate change can be a big threat to our environment, and it affects every aspect of our lives and may cause global catastrophes if ignored. Here are some key points to remember for kids on how to write an essay on climate change.

• Begin with an introductory overview of what climate change is. Describe how it works, impacts the environment, and what steps can be taken to analyse it.
• Discuss the consequences of not addressing climate change concerns and how it may affect livelihood.
• Go through steps on how to reduce waste, increase natural resources, and improve climate change.
• Add a conclusion paragraph at the bottom and summarise your essay.

Intense bouts of famine and rainfall, sudden changes in weather conditions, and forest fires result from climate change. Kids can refer to these lines while writing an essay for classes 1 and 2 on climate change:

• Climate change is bad for our planet and should not be underestimated.
• The consequences of climate change are catastrophic. It can melt glaciers, cause deforestation, and deplete other non-renewable sources
• Animals depend upon natural resources for survival, and climate change causes them to go extinct.
• Climate and global warming negatively impact agriculture.
• Greenhouse gases play a significant role in climate change.
• The earth is heating up at an alarming rate, which is unnatural.
• Ozone layer depletion is a major consequence of climate change.
• We must start inculcating sustainable living practices and ensure our natural resources don’t get depleted.
• Taking better care of our environment and planting many trees makes a big difference.
• We should educate others about climate change and reduce non-biodegradable waste and plastic usage.

Frequent changes in weather conditions are not normal and should be prevented. Given below is a paragraph on climate change for more insight on the topic.

Global warming happens when the earth’s average temperature rises at exponential rates, thus contributing to climate change. We cannot fully control climate change as humans. Still, we certainly play a part by preserving natural resources and controlling air pollution by opting for public transport over private vehicles. Scientists are unclear whether global warming is solely responsible for climate change or whether other factors are involved. The main reason behind climate change is attributed to greenhouse gases, mainly consisting of carbon dioxide, CFOs, methane, and Chloro Fluro Carbons. Constant fluctuations in environmental temperatures can be stressful to wildlife, and nature is not used to going through such shifts. Humanity should join hands to tackle this serious environmental issue.

Climate change is not a good indicator and means that the earth is depleting rapidly. Kids can include this point in a short essay for classes 1, 2, and 3 kids and can write an amazing essay.

The change in the weather patterns over a long period of time is called climate change. These changes are sometimes necessary, while they may be unexpected on rare occasions. Climate change is causing a negative impact on all living beings. The overpopulation crisis makes surviving nearly impossible. People are facing difficulties procuring food and water due to untimely climate fluctuations. Climate change has existed for centuries and is not a recent threat. But it was not so severe or rapid as today. Rather than bring worries, it is imperative to take action and rectify it as soon as possible. The affluent countries can help poorer nations combat the crises and develop adequate funding for access to research and technology. Direct participation of local communities or the grassroots movement is one of the best ways to get to the heart of it. Understanding that climate change results from humanity’s unhealthy relationship with nature is crucial. The Paris Agreement is an example of the world doing its share to build a sustainable future and come together to fight the climate change crisis.

Writing a long-form essay on the topic will need your child to be aware of the existence of climate change and its issues at present, although it began generations ago with the Ice Age. Here is a sample essay for class 3 on climate change your child can read before drafting their own write-up.

Climate change is defined as the change that impacts our ecosystems. This can happen due to internal and external factors, sometimes the scale being large enough to affect communities. The earth has experienced several periods of drought, famine, and cyclical rainfall for more than 2 million years, and many species and wild animals have become extinct due to this reason.

Global warming depletes the ozone layer, impacts agriculture, and affects water supply. Various problems can be caused by climate change, such as transportation issues, natural disasters, water logging, and air pollution. There are various reasons for climate change including fossil fuel extraction, dumping of oils in oceans, industrial waste, and releasing other toxic contaminants such as radiation into the atmosphere, etc.

If we do not think about climate change now, a day will come when the planet may go extinct. There will be heavy damage to the environment, and land may become uninhabitable. Animals depend upon the environment to survive, but too many changes in weather conditions rob them of valuable natural resources. Deforestation and forest fires are also becoming a significant problem in this regard. Although humans are responsible for the adverse effects of climate change, it is not too late to start over or curb them. An excellent first step is planting as many trees as possible and caring for our neighbourhoods.

Rapid warming of the planet is not natural, and in history, it never happened at such unprecedented rates. Volcanos also contribute to climate change by releasing ash, molten lava, and debris into the environment, thus causing landslides and other natural disasters. If everyone takes responsibility for their actions and what they do for the environment, the planet would be a better place to live in.

What Is Climate Change?

Climate change refers to the natural shifts in weather patterns and any changes made in solar cycles. Many changes in the climate are unprecedented, and humans have been noticing these changes for thousands of years.

What Are The Causes And Effects Of Climate Change?

Here is a list of the causes and effects of climate change on the planet.

Causes of Climate Change

A few major causes of climate change are:

• The buildup of greenhouse gases
• Industrial waste disposal
• Soil erosion
• Increased volcanic activity
• Changes in solar cycles

Effects of Climate Change

The major effects of climate change are as follows:

• Droughts and sandstorms
• Destruction of various lifeforms and animal habitats
• High rates of carbon emissions
• Melting of glaciers and ice caps
• Air, soil, and water pollution
• Depletion of natural resources

Ways to Prevent Climate Change

Here are the different ways to prevent climate change:

• Encourage biodiversity in ecosystems by planting more trees and reducing the global warming crisis
• Promote sustainable living practices and recycle waste
• Stop using plastic and do not dump industrial waste in soils and water bodies
• Get active, stop using fossil fuels, and ride your bike more
• Commute to work on foot and use public transportation
• Control your electricity consumption for sustainable living.

Although the samples given above can help your child write a decent essay, some more knowledge on the topic will allow them to add more value to it or make it an interesting read. Read on to learn some interesting facts about climate change.

• The earth was very cold around 600-800 million years ago and turned to ice.
• As per many scientists, climate change is caused by humans these days.
• The earth raised its temperature by 0.69 degrees Celsius between January to December 2014, which was recorded as the highest in history.
• We are currently going through a phase known as the Holocene. The Holocene can be defined as the last 11,700 years of the earth’s existence.

Your child will learn a lot about the earth from writing an essay on the topic. They will understand how they can positively contribute to climate change, what can be done to improve it, and how to preserve our natural resources for a better life on this planet.

The amount of energy we get from the sun proves that life on earth can be perfect. But it’s more about how we use our natural resources and not deplete them. Hopefully, this climate change essay has shed some light on the subject.

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Earth's Changing Climate

Climate change is a long-term shift in global or regional climate patterns. Often climate change refers specifically to the rise in global temperatures from the mid 20th century to present.

Earth Science, Geography, Human Geography, Physical Geography

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Climate is the long-term pattern of weather in a particular area. Weather can change from hour to hour, day to day, month to month or even from year to year. Climate refers to what the weather is generally like over 30 years or more. A desert might experience a rainy week, but over the long term, it receives very little rainfall . It has a dry climate .

Living things adjust to climates. Polar bears ( Ursus maritimus ) have adjusted to stay warm in polar climates . Over time, cacti have evolved to hold onto water in dry climates. The number of different kinds of life on Earth is partially due to the number of different climates.

Climates do change. They just change very slowly, over hundreds or even thousands of years. As climates change, organisms that live in the area must adjust, relocate , or risk dying out.

Earth's climate has changed many times. For example, fossils from the Cretaceous period (144 million to 65 million years ago) show that Earth was much warmer than it is today. Breadfruit ( Artocarpus altilis —also called "jackfruit"—trees are now found on tropical islands . However, millions of years ago they even grew on Greenland.

Earth has also experienced several major ice ages . There have been at least four in the past 500,000 years. During these periods, Earth's temperature decreased , causing ice sheets and glaciers to expand. The most recent ice age began about two million years ago and only started ending about 18,000 years ago.

Warmer temperatures have caused the glaciers to shrink. The glaciers have not disappeared completely, however—they still exist in Antarctica and Greenland. Scientists think we live in an " interglacial period ," or a time between glaciers. They have gone away somewhat for now, but hundreds of years from now, the glaciers may grow again.

Scientists who study climate look for proof of past climate change in many different places. Like clumsy criminals, glaciers leave many clues behind. They scratch and rub rocks as they move. They leave little bits of material behind known as "glacial till ." This sometimes forms mounds or ridges. Glaciers also form long, oval-shaped hills. If you see a piece of land with any of these signs, it suggests that a glacier was once there.

Some types of rocks only form from materials left behind from glaciers. When scientists find these rocks, it tells them that glaciers were once there.

Scientists also have proof of glaciers from fossils . Fossils show what kinds of animals and plants lived in certain areas. Looking for fossils of animals that lived in the cold can show scientists how far across the planet the glaciers reached.

Climate changes happen over shorter periods, as well. For example, there was a " Little Ice Age " that lasted only a few hundred years. It peaked during the 1500s and 1600s. During this time, average temperatures around the world were two to three degrees Fahrenheit cooler (about one to 1.5 degrees Celsius) than they are today. A change of one or two degrees might not seem like much, but it was enough to cause major changes. Glaciers grew larger and sometimes engulfed whole mountain villages. Winters were longer than usual, limiting the growing seasons of crops . In northern Europe, people left their farms and villages to avoid starving.

One way scientists have learned about the Little Ice Age is by studying the rings of trees. The thickness of tree rings is related to how much the tree grew each year. During times when it was very dry or very cold, trees could not grow as much and rings would be closer together.

Some climate changes are almost predictable . El Niño , which means "The Child" in Spanish, is a good example of this. El Niño refers to the warming of the surface waters in the Pacific Ocean around the equator . In normal years, winds blow across the ocean from east to west. This drags warm water along in the same direction.

Every few years, normal winds change and ocean currents reverse. This is El Niño . Warm water deepens in the eastern Pacific, near South America. This, in turn, produces big climate changes . Rain decreases in Australia and southern Asia, and crazy storms may pound Pacific islands and the west coast of the Americas. Within a year or two, El Niño ends, and climate systems return to normal.

Natural Causes of Climate Change

Climate changes happen for many reasons. Some of these reasons have to do with Earth's atmosphere . The climate change brought by El Niño , which relies on winds and ocean currents , is an example of natural changes in the atmosphere .

Natural climate change can also be affected by forces outside Earth's atmosphere . Earth's relationship to the sun also affects climate . This includes how Earth is tilted and how it orbits around the sun. These change slowly over time and affect how much of the sun's light reaches different parts of the world at different times. The 100,000-year cycles of ice ages are most likely caused by changes in these things.

Large meteorites hitting Earth could also cause climate change . If a meteor hit Earth, it would send millions of tons of dirt and dust into the atmosphere . This would block some of the sun's rays, making it cold and dark. Many plants and animals would die. Many paleontologists believe that dinosaurs went extinct partially due to a meteor or comet hitting Earth. Dinosaurs could not survive in a cool, dark climate . Their bodies could not adjust to the cold, and the dark killed many plants that they ate. Without the plants , the plant -eating dinosaurs died. And without those plant -eating dinosaurs , the dinosaurs that ate them died too.

Plate tectonics also play a role in climate changes . Earth is made of many layers. The top part is the crust, and just beneath that is the mantle. Together, these make up the "plates" in plate tectonics . We now know there are 15 major plates that cover the planet's surface. They move about as fast as our fingernails grow.

Earth's continental plates have moved a great deal over time. More than 200 million years ago, the continents were merged together as one giant landmass called Pangaea . As the continents broke apart and moved, their positions on Earth changed. The movements of ocean currents also changed. Both of these changes affected climate .

Another cause of climate change is called the greenhouse effect . The greenhouse effect happens when gases like carbon dioxide trap the sun's heat in the atmosphere . Gases that do this are called greenhouse gases . They keep Earth warm. Without any greenhouse gases in the atmosphere , most life on Earth would freeze to death. However, adding too much of these gases to the atmosphere slowly makes the planet warmer.

Human Causes of Climate Change

Some human activities release greenhouse gases . For example, humans burn fossil fuels such as coal , oil and natural gas . People often use them for transportation and electricity . Burning fossil fuels releases greenhouse gases , like carbon dioxide . Trees soak up carbon dioxide , so cutting down forests also adds to the greenhouse effect . Factories send greenhouse gases into the atmosphere too.

Many scientists are worried that these activities are causing dangerous changes in Earth's climate . Average temperatures around the world have risen since about 1880. The seven warmest years of the 1900s happened in the 1990s. This warming trend may be a sign that the greenhouse effect is increasing because of human activity. This is often referred to as " global warming ." It is estimated that humans have increased the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere by about 30 percent in the past 150 years.

Other greenhouse gases are increasing, as well. Methane is an example. Methane is a greenhouse gas produced by rotting plants and animals . As populations grow, they use more goods and throw away more. Large landfills , filled with rotting waste, release tons of methane into the atmosphere .

Some chemicals that are used in refrigeration, air conditioning, and aerosol sprays are also greenhouse gases. Many countries are working to get rid of them. Some have laws to prevent companies from manufacturing them.

Global Warming

As the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere rises, so does the temperature of Earth. Scientists worry that the temperature will increase so much that ice caps will begin seriously melting within the next several decades . This would cause the sea level to rise. Coastal areas and small islands would be flooded. Severe climate change may bring more severe weather patterns . This could include more hurricanes , typhoons , and tornadoes . More rain and snow would fall in some places and far less in others. Places where crops now grow could become deserts .

As climates change, so do the homes for many living things. Animals may not be able to survive in their current homes. Many human societies depend on specific crops for food , clothing, and trade . If the climate of an area changes, the same crops may not grow. Some scientists worry that as the planet warms, tropical diseases will spread further.

The temperature will continue to rise unless steps are taken to stop it. Most scientists agree that we must reduce the amount of greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere. There are many ways to do this, including:

• Drive less. Use public transportation , carpool , walk, or ride a bike.
• Fly less. Airplanes produce huge amounts of greenhouse gas emissions .
• Reduce, reuse, and recycle.
• Plant a tree. Trees soak up carbon dioxide, keeping it out of the atmosphere.
• Use less electricity.
• Eat less meat. Cows are one of the biggest methane producers.
• Support alternative power sources that don't burn fossil fuels. These include power that comes from the sun and from wind.

The climate has changed many times during Earth's history. However, those changes have happened slowly, over thousands of years. Only since the Industrial Revolution have human activities begun to influence climate. Scientists are still working to understand what the consequences might be.

Cool Warming Could the current phase of climate change cause another Little Ice Age? As strange as it sounds, some scientists believe it could. If melting glaciers release large amounts of freshwater into the oceans, this could disrupt the ocean conveyor belt, an important circulation system that moves seawater around the globe. Stopping this cycle could possibly cause cooling of 3 to 5 degrees Celsius (5-9 degrees Fahrenheit) in the ocean and atmosphere.

Early Squirrels The North American red squirrel has started breeding earlier in the year as a result of climate change. Food becomes available to the squirrels earlier because of warmer winters.

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