dry ice experiments soap bubbles

Science Project Ideas

How to Make a Dry Ice Bubble

Dry ice (chemical formula CO 2 ) is frozen carbon dioxide gas. It is much denser and cooler than conventional ice. A dry ice bubble experiment would be a perfect science fair idea. This fun research project also allows kids to play with foam. Just follow the simple steps given below.

Materials Required

• Liquid dish wash soap
• Small plastic cup
• Long narrow piece of cloth
• A pair of scissors
• Clear bowl with a smooth lip and a diameter smaller than 12 inches
• Thick gloves or a pair of tongs

Dry Ice Bubble Experiment

• Mix 2 tablespoons (30 mL) of liquid dish soap with one tablespoon water in a plastic cup.
• Cut a strip 1 inch wide and 18 inches long from the cloth.
• Soak the strip of cloth completely in the solution you made.

• Half fill the bowl with warm water.
• Transfer two to three pieces of dry ice into the warm water, using heavy gloves or tongs. You can adjust the number of dry ice pieces according to how much fog you want. Still, it’s not advisable to produce too much or too little of the latter.
• Dip two fingers in the soap solution and run them along the lip of the bowl being careful not to get the soap in contact with the water.

• Remove the cloth from the solution and run it in between your thumb and forefinger to get rid of the excess soap.
• Stretch the cloth fully with both your hands and drag it across the rim and over the top of the bowl. The goal here is to create a thin film of soap that stretches across the open part of the container.

• On getting filled with the fog emitted from dry ice, the soap film will expand as a dry ice bubble. It resembles a crystal ball in shape and form.

• When the bubble has bulged out enough, it will burst and release a massive cloud of smoke.

Information on safety: Don’t let your body come in direct contact with dry ice as it is dangerously cold, and you may even get a frost bite if not sufficiently careful.

Other Cool Things to Do With Dry Ice Bubbles

Want some more dry ice tricks up your sleeve? Read on.

Dry Ice Boo Bubbles

You can make exciting boo bubbles using a dry ice boo bubble machine. They are ghostly, vapor-filled, bouncing and touchable. However, you can also create them manually. Here is the procedure.

• Use a utility blade like a box-cutter to chop off the top of a 2-liter The hole at the top should not have a diameter greater than that of the funnel to be used later.
• Attach the funnel to a rubber tubing.
• Make a hole at the base of a small portion cup having the same diameter as the tube. Slide the free end of the rubber tube into this hole.
• Make the soap and dry ice solutions as directed above but put the latter inside the bottle this time.
• Invert the funnel over the bottle to get the smoke pouring into it. Control the pressure of the smoke by adjusting the area of the bottle covered by the funnel.
• Remove the funnel.
• Submerge the portion cup in the soap solution and then cover the bottle with the funnel.
• You will find a boo bubble, filled with carbon dioxide and water vapor, taking shape.
• When it reaches the desired size, gently shake it off the portion cup.

• It quickly hits the ground before bursting, and a cloud of fog erupts.
• Make scores of boo bubbles following the same method. You need to wear Bubble or pure cotton gloves to touch them while playing. You can blow up a giant boo bubble and bounce it off soft fabrics to enjoy yourself.

Another idea is to drop a few pieces of dry ice in warm water inside a hand-made volcano, to make it erupt violently.

Glowing Dry Ice Bubble

You can also make a glowing dry ice bubble. Put a waterproof flashlight in the bowl containing dry ice and watch its light shine through the dense fog. Follow the process above of creating the bubble before turning off the lights to exude an eerie glow from it. Watching the smoke churning inside the transparent bubble can even give kids goose bumps. This makes for a great Halloween idea. What say?

Dry Ice Bubble Video

Explanation of dry ice bubble formation.

Dry ice is a solid that directly changes into its vapor form without passing through the intermediate liquid state, a process called sublimation. It happens at a temperature of −109.3 °F. Putting dry ice in warm water accelerates the process, creating clouds of fog. The thin film of soap stretched across the rim of the bowl traps the expanding smoke to make a giant bubble.

Hope you loved this project idea. What are you waiting for? Roll up your sleeves and get working. Wish you lots of thrills and chills.

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How to Make Frozen Bubbles With Dry Ice

Use dry ice to make frozen bubbles that display beautiful frost patterns. You can pick up the solid bubbles and examine them closely to learn about density, sublimation, diffusion, interference, and semipermeability.

Frozen Bubble Materials

• Bubble solution (buy it or make your own )
• Deep container

A deep glass mixing bowl is perfect for this project because it’s easy to observe the dry ice and bubbles. But, you can use any bowl or pot or even a cardboard box.

Freeze Bubbles With Dry Ice

• Use tongs or wear gloves to place some dry ice into a container.
• Allow about 5 minutes for the dry ice to sublimate into carbon dioxide vapor. The resulting fog is a combination of carbon dioxide and condensing water vapor.
• Blow bubbles into the container. Gravity draws the bubbles down, but once they reach the carbon dioxide layer they hover. Eventually, the bubbles fall toward the dry ice. As the bubbles chill, they freeze.
• Pick up frozen bubbles to examine them. You don’t need to use gloves to handle the bubbles, but they’ll last longer if you pick them up with a bubble wand.
• Watch the bubbles change as they age. Frozen bubbles become transparent and develop bands of color as they melt. Gravity pulls the bubble solution downward, eventually thinning the film at the top of the bubble until it pops .

How It Works

Dry ice is the solid form of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). Solid carbon dioxide doesn’t melt into a liquid, except at high pressures. Instead, it undergoes sublimation, changing from a solid directly into a gas. The carbon dioxide gas is colder and heavier than air (mostly nitrogen and oxygen), so most of it settles to the bottom of the bowl. Eventually, diffusion mixes the carbon dioxide with air, but it forms an invisible layer for several minutes.

When you blow bubbles, you fill them with air. Your breath is slightly enriched with carbon dioxide, but it’s still much less dense than the cold vapor in the bowl. So, bubbles float on the dry ice layer.

The extreme cold above the dry ice freezes the water in bubble solution. Frost patterns form as the water crystallizes. But, the bubble shell is very thin. It is semipermeable to gases, so carbon dioxide enters the bubble. This increases the gas density inside the bubble, causing it to sink.

If you shine a light on the soap bubble, you’ll see a rainbow of colors. This is an interference pattern, caused by slight differences in bubble thickness. Thickness differences bend light differently, forming colors.

Dry ice cold enough to cause frostbite (−78.5 °C or −109.2 °F), so wear gloves or else handle it with tongs. As dry ice sublimates, the cold carbon dioxide sinks to the floor before mixing with air. Working with a small amount of dry ice poses no significant risks, but it’s best to work in a well-ventilated area. High carbon dioxide concentrations from vaporizing a lot of dry ice presents a health hazard, especially to children and pets, because they are not as tall.

Other Fun Projects

Use leftover dry ice for other fun science projects , such as making fog, a “crystal ball,” a simulated comet, and carbonated ice cream. If you don’t have dry ice, you can still freeze bubbles with frost patterns , but you’ll need very cold temperatures.

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Dry ice is extremely cold, plus it's also cool! There are many interesting and educational dry ice experiments and projects to try.

Dry ice , the solid form of carbon dioxide isn't dangerous if stored and used correctly. If dry ice is not properly stored, it can present hazards such as frostbite , asphyxiation, and the possibility of an explosion . So be careful and have fun!

Here are several dry ice experiments for you to try:

Cool Dry Ice Fog

One of the simplest yet coolest things to do with dry ice is to toss a chunk of it into a container of hot water. This causes the dry ice to sublimate (turn into vapor) more quickly, producing dry ice fog. This is a popular party effect. It's even more spectacular if you have a lot of dry ice and plenty of water, such as enough dry ice to fill a hot tub.

Dry Ice Crystal Ball

CasPhotography / Getty Images

Place a piece of dry ice in a bowl or cup containing a bubble solution. Wet a towel with bubble solution and pull it across the lip of the bowl, trapping carbon dioxide into a giant bubble that resembles a crystal ball .

Make Your Own Dry Ice

waraphorn-aphai / Getty Images

Some grocery stores sell dry ice, but many don't. If you can't find any dry ice, the first cool thing to do is to make some yourself.

Frozen Soap Bubble

Freeze a soap bubble over a piece of dry ice. The bubble will appear to float in the air over the dry ice. You can pick up the bubble and examine it.

Inflate a Balloon With Dry Ice

Seal a small piece of dry ice inside a balloon . As the dry ice sublimates, the balloon will fill up. If your piece of dry ice is too big, the balloon will pop!

Inflate a Glove With Dry Ice

~UserGI15632523 / Getty Images

Similarly, you can put a piece of dry ice into a latex or other plastic glove and tie it closed. The dry ice will inflate the glove.

Simulate a Comet

Jonathan Blair / Getty Images

You can use simple materials to simulate a comet . In a big plastic bowl lined with a trash bag, mix together:

• 1-liter water
• 2 cups dirt
• 1 tablespoon starch (holds comet together, not found in real comets)
• 1 tablespoon syrup (comet organic component)
• 1 tablespoon vinegar (for amino acids )
• 1 tablespoon rubbing alcohol (like the methanol in real comets)

Dry Ice Bomb

waraphorn-aphai / Getty Images

Sealing dry ice in a container will cause it to burst. The safest version is to place a small piece of dry ice into a plastic film canister or potato chip can with a pop lid.

Dry Ice Erupting Volcano Cake

JennyPPhoto / Getty Images 

While you can't eat dry ice, you can use it as a decoration for food. In this project, dry ice produces a volcanic eruption for a volcano cake.

Spooky Dry Ice Jack-o'-Lantern

joeygil / Getty Images

Make a cool Halloween jack-o'-lantern that spews dry ice fog.

Cool Dry Ice Bubbles

Amrut Kulkarni / Getty Images

Place a piece of dry ice into a bubble solution for fog-filled bubbles to form. Popping them releases dry ice fog , which is a cool effect.

Carbonated Dry Ice Ice Cream

RossHelen / Getty Images

You can use dry ice to make instant ice cream . Because carbon dioxide gas is released, the resulting ice cream is bubbly and carbonated, like an ice cream float.

Singing Spoon

Pakorn Kumruen / EyeEm / Getty Images

Press a spoon or any metal object against a piece of dry ice and it will appear to sing or scream as it vibrates.

Carbonated Fizzy Fruit

Castle City Creative / Getty Images

Freeze strawberries or other fruit using dry ice. Carbon dioxide bubbles become trapped in the fruit, making it fizzy and carbonated.

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The Wonders of Dry Ice: Home Science Experiments

Using dry ice in home science experiments can be educational and a lot of fun!

Dry ice, the solid form of carbon dioxide (CO₂), is a mesmerizing material that captures the imagination with its foggy, vapor-producing properties. Unlike regular ice, dry ice sublimates directly from a solid to a gas at -78.5°C (-109.3°F), bypassing the liquid phase. This unique characteristic makes it a fantastic tool for a variety of captivating and educational home science experiments. If you do decide to do home science experiments with dry ice, please remember to follow proper safety practices, especially if you’re doing these with young children.

The Classic Dry Ice Fog Effect

One of the simplest yet most dramatic experiments with dry ice is creating fog. This occurs when dry ice sublimates and the cold CO₂ gas cools the surrounding water vapor, forming a dense fog. To perform this experiment:

Materials Needed: Dry ice, warm water, a large bowl or container.

• Fill the container with warm water.
• Using tongs or insulated gloves, carefully add a few chunks of dry ice to the water.
• Observe the billowing fog that forms almost immediately.

This experiment vividly demonstrates the sublimation process and the gas’s interaction with warm water, making it an excellent visual aid for teaching about states of matter and gas behavior.

Dry Ice Bubbles

Creating dry ice bubbles is a fun and visually appealing experiment that illustrates the concept of gas expansion and surface tension.

Materials Needed: Dry ice, warm water, a large bowl, liquid dish soap, and a piece of cloth or rag.

• Fill the bowl with warm water and add a few chunks of dry ice to generate fog.
• Dip the cloth or rag into a mixture of water and dish soap, then run it along the rim of the bowl to create a film.
• As the dry ice sublimates, the CO₂ gas will fill the bowl and push against the soap film, forming a bubble dome over the bowl.

This experiment highlights the properties of gases and surface tension in liquids, creating a fascinating, hands-on learning experience.

Dry Ice and Balloon Inflation

This experiment showcases the expansion of gas and the pressure it can exert on its surroundings.

Materials Needed: Dry ice, balloons, warm water, a bottle or container with a narrow neck.

• Place a few small pieces of dry ice into the bottle.
• Quickly stretch the balloon’s mouth over the bottle opening.
• As the dry ice sublimates, the CO₂ gas will inflate the balloon.

Watching the balloon inflate demonstrates the expansion of gases and provides an engaging way to discuss gas laws and the behavior of molecules at different temperatures.

The Screaming Metal Experiment

This experiment produces a high-pitched sound that helps explain the rapid sublimation and thermal conductivity of dry ice.

Materials Needed: Dry ice, metal spoon.

• Press the metal spoon against a chunk of dry ice.
• Listen to the “screaming” or high-pitched noise that results from the rapid sublimation of dry ice as it comes into contact with the warm metal.

This auditory experiment helps illustrate thermal conductivity and the intense cold of dry ice, providing a multi-sensory approach to learning.

Safety Overview

While dry ice is a fantastic tool for conducting home science experiments, it requires careful handling due to its extremely low temperature. Here are some essential safety tips :

• Use Protective Gear: Always handle dry ice with insulated gloves or tongs to prevent frostbite. Never touch dry ice with bare skin.
• Ensure Proper Ventilation: Perform experiments in a well-ventilated area. Dry ice sublimates into CO₂ gas, which can displace oxygen and pose a suffocation hazard in enclosed spaces.
• Store Safely: Store dry ice in an insulated container, not in airtight containers, as the buildup of CO₂ gas can cause the container to explode.
• Disposal: Allow dry ice to sublimate in a well-ventilated area. Do not dispose of dry ice in sinks, toilets, or other confined spaces where gas buildup could occur.

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Fun and Safe Dry Ice Experiments

Are you ready for some cool (literally) experiments with dry ice? Experience the world of science and prepare to be amazed!

Dry ice, also known as solid carbon dioxide, is a unique substance with remarkable properties. Not only does it turn from a solid to a gas at room temperature, but it can also create some seriously awesome effects.

In this article, we’ll look at some fun and simple experiments you can do with kids with dry ice, as well as some essential safety precautions to keep in mind when handling it. So, grab your lab coat and get ready for some spooky dry ice experiments.

What is Dry Ice

Dry ice is the solid form of carbon dioxide, one of the gases in the earth’s atmosphere. This means that it doesn’t melt into a liquid but instead turns directly into a gas. This process is called sublimation, and it’s what creates the foggy effect you often see when dry ice is used in special effects or at Halloween parties.

Important Safety Precautions

Before we get to the experiments, we need to talk about safety. Dry ice is extremely cold and burns skin on contact. So always wear insulated gloves and use tongs to handle it . And remember all of the experiments below require adult supervision .

In addition, carbon dioxide can build up to unsafe levels if you use dry ice in an enclosed area. So make sure you only use it in large, well-ventilated rooms.

As it turns into a gas, it can cause pressure to build up in closed containers. So don’t store it in an airtight container like a freezer or cooler. Pressure will build up, and your freezer door can pop open!

Where Can I Get Dry Ice

Google is your friend here because availability will vary depending on where you live. Some specialty grocery stores sell it, or you can find an ice company that sells it to larger retailers.

Many companies will sell you a small amount for a reasonable price, especially when you tell them you will be using it for educational purposes. Just make a few phone calls, and you should be able to find some. To transport dry ice, wrap it in towels and put it in a soft-sided cooler.

Dry Ice Experiments

Experiment #1: dry ice fog.

This first experiment is a classic and always a crowd pleaser; creating a foggy effect with dry ice. Here’s what you’ll need:

• Bowl or cup
• Food coloring (optional but fun)

Here’s how to do it:

• Review the safety precautions before starting.
• Fill your bowl with warm water.
• Use tongs to carefully add small pieces of dry ice to the water. As the dry ice sublimates and turns into a gas, a thick fog will rise out of the bowl.
• As you add more dry ice, the fog will get thicker and thicker. You can experiment with different amounts to see how much fog you can create.
• You can also add food coloring to the water and call it a “Potions Class.”
• Be sure to do this experiment in a well-ventilated area and keep your face away from the fog.

Use this to create a spooky atmosphere for Halloween . Make it even more effective by using a big black bowl to look like a bubbling cauldron.

Experiment #2: Singing Spoon

This simple experiment creates an unusual (and noisy) effect. Here’s what you’ll need

• Metal spoon
• Run your spoon under hot water for a few seconds to heat it up. Then dry it off.
• Press the warm spoon directly against dry ice.
• The dry ice will turn into gas, which causes pressure on the spoon. The combination of the pressure spoon exerts on the dry ice and the pressure back from the gas will generate a high-pitched singing sound.

Experiment #3: Dry Ice Balloon

This next experiment is a fun way to blow up a balloon. Here’s what you need:

• Small bottle
• Tongs or a plastic spoon

Here’s how you do it:

• Start by filling your bottle with small pieces of dry ice. Use tongs or spoon to transfer the dry ice.
• Use a funnel to add a little bit of hot water to the balloon.
• Stretch the opening of the balloon over the top of the bottle. Once it is attached, hold the balloon up, so the water goes into the bottle.
• As the dry ice sublimates and turns into a gas, it will inflate the balloon.

This experiment provides an easy visual way to understand that dry ice turns into a gas.

Experiment #4: Dry Ice Bubbles

This experiment combines dry ice with soap bubbles for a fun and somewhat messy experiment. Here’s what you need:

• Add warm water and a small squirt of dish soap to the cup.
• Use tongs to add a few pieces of dry ice to the cup and watch the bubbles rise.
• Dry ice fog is trapped inside the bubbles, so if you squeeze them as they overflow from the cup, you will generate even more fog.
• For even more bubbles, try this one in a large bowl.

Experiment #5: Floating Bubbles

This experiment takes a few more supplies, but it is worth a little effort. It is excellent for showing how carbon dioxide gas sinks. Here’s what you need:

• A large clear container, like an empty fish aquarium
• A container of bubbles with a bubble wand
• Use tongs to fill the bottom of the aquarium with dry ice. Add a little water, so it starts to turn to gas.
• Use a bubble wand to blow some bubbles into the aquarium. Don’t put your head down into the aquarium. Blow the bubbles over the top. It might take a few tries to get one to go inside.
• The bubbles stop and seem like they are floating in mid-air. They are floating on a layer of carbon dioxide that has sunk to the bottom of the aquarium.

These five experiments are a great starting point for exploring the world of dry ice with children. They are easy to set up and entertaining.

Use dry ice to introduce kids to the world of science and make learning fun. It will help inspire kids to explore the world around them, encourage them to think critically and creatively, and learn to enjoy science.

Anne Jolly is the creator of the food blog Upstate Ramblings . She loves to cook with gadgets like an air fryer, sous vide, or pressure cooker. In her free time she enjoys hiking, reading, knitting and spending time with her three kids. This article originally appeared on Food Drink Life .

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