what is an assignment statement in python example

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Different Forms of Assignment Statements in Python

Assignment statement in python is the statement used to assign the value to the specified variable. The value assigned to the variable can be of any data type supported by python programming language such as integer, string, float Boolean, list, tuple, dictionary, set etc.

Types of assignment statements

The different types of assignment statements are as follows.

Basic assignment statement

Multiple assignment statement

Augmented assignment statement

Chained assignment statement, unpacking assignment statement, swapping assignment statement.

Let’s see about each one in detail.

Basic Assignment Statement

The most frequently and commonly used is the basic assignment statement. In this type of assignment, we will assign the value to the variable directly. Following is the syntax.

Variable_name is the name of the variable.

value is the any datatype of input value to be assigned to the variable.

In this example, we are assigning a value to the variable using the basic assignment statement in the static manner.

In this example, we will use the dynamic inputting way to assign the value using the basic assignment statement.

Multiple Assignment statement

We can assign multiple values to multiple variables within a single line of code in python. Following is the syntax.

v1,v2,……,vn are the variable names.

val1,val2,……,valn are the values.

In this example, we will assign multiple values to the multiple variables using the multiple assignment statement.

By using the augmented assignment statement, we can combine the arithmetic or bitwise operations with the assignment. Following is the syntax.

variable is the variable name.

value is the input value.

+= is the assignment operator with the arithmetic operator.

In this example, we will use the augmented assignment statement to assign the values to the variable.

By using the chained assignment statement, we can assign a single value to the multiple variables within a single line. Following is the syntax -

v1,v2,v3 are the variable names.

value is the value to be assigned to the variables.

Here is the example to assign the single value to the multiple variables using the chain assignment statement.

We can assign the values given in a list or tuple can be assigned to multiple variables using the unpacking assignment statement. Following is the syntax -

val1,val2,val3 are the values.

In this example, we will assign the values grouped in the list to the multiple variables using the unpacking assignment statement.

In python, we can swap two values of the variables without using any temporary third variable with the help of assignment statement. Following is the syntax.

var1, var2 are the variables.

In the following example, we will assign the values two variables and swap the values with each other.

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Assignment Operators in Python

The Python Operators are used to perform operations on values and variables. These are the special symbols that carry out arithmetic, logical, and bitwise computations. The value the operator operates on is known as the Operand.

Assignment Operators are used to assign values to variables. This operator is used to assign the value of the right side of the expression to the left side operand.

Addition Assignment Operator

The Addition Assignment Operator is used to add the right-hand side operand with the left-hand side operand and then assigning the result to the left operand.

S ubtraction Assignment Operator

The Subtraction Assignment Operator is used to subtract the right-hand side operand from the left-hand side operand and then assigning the result to the left-hand side operand.

M ultiplication Assignment Operator

The Multiplication Assignment Operator is used to multiply the right-hand side operand with the left-hand side operand and then assigning the result to the left-hand side operand.

D ivision Assignment Operator

The Division Assignment Operator is used to divide the left-hand side operand with the right-hand side operand and then assigning the result to the left operand.

M odulus Assignment Operator

The Modulus Assignment Operator is used to take the modulus, that is, it first divides the operands and then takes the remainder and assigns it to the left operand.

F loor Division Assignment Operator

The Floor Division Assignment Operator is used to divide the left operand with the right operand and then assigs the result(floor value) to the left operand.

Exponentiation Assignment Operator

The Exponentiation Assignment Operator is used to calculate the exponent(raise power) value using operands and then assigning the result to the left operand.

Bitwise AND Assignment Operator

The Bitwise AND Assignment Operator is used to perform Bitwise AND operation on both operands and then assigning the result to the left operand.

Bitwise OR Assignment Operator

The Bitwise OR Assignment Operator is used to perform Bitwise OR operation on the operands and then assigning result to the left operand.

Bitwise XOR Assignment Operator 

The Bitwise XOR Assignment Operator is used to perform Bitwise XOR operation on the operands and then assigning result to the left operand.

Bitwise Right Shift Assignment Operator

The Bitwise Right Shift Assignment Operator is used to perform Bitwise Right Shift Operation on the operands and then assign result to the left operand.

Bitwise Left Shift Assignment Operator

The Bitwise Left Shift Assignment Operator is used to perform Bitwise Left Shift Opertator on the operands and then assign result to the left operand.

Walrus Operator

The Walrus Operator in Python is a new assignment operator which is introduced in Python version 3.8 and higher. This operator is used to assign a value to a variable within an expression.

Example: In this code, we have a Python list of integers. We have used Python Walrus assignment operator within the Python while loop . The operator will solve the expression on the right-hand side and assign the value to the left-hand side operand ‘x’ and then execute the remaining code.

Assignment Operators in Python – FAQs

What are assignment operators in python.

Assignment operators in Python are used to assign values to variables. These operators can also perform additional operations during the assignment. The basic assignment operator is = , which simply assigns the value of the right-hand operand to the left-hand operand. Other common assignment operators include += , -= , *= , /= , %= , and more, which perform an operation on the variable and then assign the result back to the variable.

What is the := Operator in Python?

The := operator, introduced in Python 3.8, is known as the “walrus operator”. It is an assignment expression, which means that it assigns values to variables as part of a larger expression. Its main benefit is that it allows you to assign values to variables within expressions, including within conditions of loops and if statements, thereby reducing the need for additional lines of code. Here’s an example: # Example of using the walrus operator in a while loop while (n := int(input("Enter a number (0 to stop): "))) != 0: print(f"You entered: {n}") This loop continues to prompt the user for input and immediately uses that input in both the condition check and the loop body.

What is the Assignment Operator in Structure?

In programming languages that use structures (like C or C++), the assignment operator = is used to copy values from one structure variable to another. Each member of the structure is copied from the source structure to the destination structure. Python, however, does not have a built-in concept of ‘structures’ as in C or C++; instead, similar functionality is achieved through classes or dictionaries.

What is the Assignment Operator in Python Dictionary?

In Python dictionaries, the assignment operator = is used to assign a new key-value pair to the dictionary or update the value of an existing key. Here’s how you might use it: my_dict = {} # Create an empty dictionary my_dict['key1'] = 'value1' # Assign a new key-value pair my_dict['key1'] = 'updated value' # Update the value of an existing key print(my_dict) # Output: {'key1': 'updated value'}

What is += and -= in Python?

The += and -= operators in Python are compound assignment operators. += adds the right-hand operand to the left-hand operand and assigns the result to the left-hand operand. Conversely, -= subtracts the right-hand operand from the left-hand operand and assigns the result to the left-hand operand. Here are examples of both: # Example of using += a = 5 a += 3 # Equivalent to a = a + 3 print(a) # Output: 8 # Example of using -= b = 10 b -= 4 # Equivalent to b = b - 4 print(b) # Output: 6 These operators make code more concise and are commonly used in loops and iterative data processing.

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Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables:

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The Assignment Statement

Assignment is fundamental to Python; it is how the objects created by an expression are preserved. We'll look at the basic assignment statement, plus the augmented assignment statement. Later, in Multiple Assignment Statement , we'll look at multiple assignment.

Basic Assignment

We create and change variables primarily with the assignment statement. This statement provides an expression and a variable name which will be used to label the value of the expression.

variable = expression

Here's a short script that contains some examples of assignment statements.

Example 6.1. example3.py

We have an object, the number 150 , which we assign to the variable shares . We have an expression 3+5.0/8.0 , which creates a floating-point number, which we save in the variable price . We have another expression, shares * price , which creates a floating-point number; we save this in value so that we can print it. This script created three new variables.

Since this file is new, we'll need to do the chmod +x example3.py once, after we create this file. Then, when we run this progam, we see the following.

Augmented Assignment

Any of the usual arithmetic operations can be combined with assignment to create an augmented assignment statement.

For example, look at this augmented assignment statement:

This statement is a shorthand that means the same thing as the following:

Here's a larger example

Example 6.2. portfolio.py

First, we'll do the chmod +x portfolio.py on this file. Then, when we run this progam, we see the following.

The other basic math operations can be used similarly, although the purpose gets obscure for some operations. These include -=, *=, /=, %=, &=, ^=, |=, <<= and >>=.

Here's a lengthy example. This is an extension of Craps Odds in the section called “Numeric Types and Expressions” .

In craps, the first roll of the dice is called the “ come out roll ”. This roll can be won immediately if one rolls 7 or 11. It can be lost immediately if one roll 2, 3 or 12. The remaining numbers establish a point and the game continues.

Example 6.3. craps.py

There's a 22.2% chance of winning, and a 11.1% chance of losing. What's the chance of establishing a point? One way is to figure that it's what's left after winning or loosing. The total of all probabilities always add to 1. Subtract the odds of winning and the odds of losing and what's left is the odds of setting a point.

Here's another way to figure the odds of rolling 4, 5, 6, 8, 9 or 10.

By the way, you can add the statement print win + lose + point to confirm that these odds all add to 1. This means that we have defined all possible outcomes for the come out roll in craps.

Tracing Execution

We can trace the execution of a program by simply following the changes of value of all the variables in the program. Here's an example for Example 6.3, “craps.py”

• win: 0 , 0.16 , 0.22
• list: 0 , 0.027 , 0.083 , 0.111
• point: 1 , 0.77 , 0.66

As with many things Python, there is some additional subtlety to this, but we'll cover those topics later. For example, multiple-assignment statement is something we'll look into in more deeply in Chapter 13, Tuples .

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Basic Statements in Python

Table of contents, what is a statement in python, statement set, multi-line statements, simple statements, expression statements, the assert statement, the try statement.

In Python, statements are instructions or commands that you write to perform specific actions or tasks. They are the building blocks of a Python program.

A statement is a line of code that performs a specific action. It is the smallest unit of code that can be executed by the Python interpreter.

Assignment Statement

In this example, the value 10 is assigned to the variable x using the assignment statement.

Conditional Statement

In this example, the if-else statement is used to check the value of x and print a corresponding message.

By using statements, programmers can instruct the computer to perform a variety of tasks, from simple arithmetic operations to complex decision-making processes. Proper use of statements is crucial to writing efficient and effective Python code.

Here's a table summarizing various types of statements in Python:

Please note that this table provides a brief overview of each statement type, and there may be additional details and variations for each statement.

Multi-line statements are a convenient way to write long code in Python without making it cluttered. They allow you to write several lines of code as a single statement, making it easier for developers to read and understand the code. Here are two examples of multi-line statements in Python:

• Using backslash:
• Using parentheses:

Simple statements are the smallest unit of execution in Python programming language and they do not contain any logical or conditional expressions. They are usually composed of a single line of code and can perform basic operations such as assigning values to variables , printing out values, or calling functions .

Examples of simple statements in Python:

Simple statements are essential to programming in Python and are often used in combination with more complex statements to create robust programs and applications.

Expression statements in Python are lines of code that evaluate and produce a value. They are used to assign values to variables, call functions, and perform other operations that produce a result.

In this example, we assign the value 5 to the variable x , then add 3 to x and assign the result ( 8 ) to the variable y . Finally, we print the value of y .

In this example, we define a function square that takes one argument ( x ) and returns its square. We then call the function with the argument 5 and assign the result ( 25 ) to the variable result . Finally, we print the value of result .

Overall, expression statements are an essential part of Python programming and allow for the execution of mathematical and computational operations.

The assert statement in Python is used to test conditions and trigger an error if the condition is not met. It is often used for debugging and testing purposes.

Where condition is the expression that is tested, and message is the optional error message that is displayed when the condition is not met.

In this example, the assert statement tests whether x is equal to 5 . If the condition is met, the statement has no effect. If the condition is not met, an error will be raised with the message x should be 5 .

In this example, the assert statement tests whether y is not equal to 0 before performing the division. If the condition is met, the division proceeds as normal. If the condition is not met, an error will be raised with the message Cannot divide by zero .

Overall, assert statements are a useful tool in Python for debugging and testing, as they can help catch errors early on. They are also easily disabled in production code to avoid any unnecessary overhead.

The try statement in Python is used to catch exceptions that may occur during the execution of a block of code. It ensures that even when an error occurs, the code does not stop running.

Examples of Error Processing

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Python Variables and Assignment Statements

Variables are storage locations that have a name. Said another way variables are name value pairs. You can assign values to a variable and recall those values by the variable name. To assign a value to a variable use the ‘=’ sign. The format is,

Here we have an example where the value of Apple is assigned to the variable called fruit.

You can change the value of the variable by reassigning it. Below you can see how to set the value of the fruit variable to the value of orange.

Note that there is nothing significant about the variable name fruit. We could have easily used almost any other variable name that you can think of. When choosing a variable name pick something that represents the data of the variable will hold.

You may know what a variable name X represents today, but if you come back to the code a few months from now you may not. However, if you encounter a variable name fruit chances are you can guess what type of data it will hold.

Variable names are case sensitive. A variable name fruit that begins with a capital F and another variable name fruit that is in all lowercase are two different variables. By convention variables are in all lowercase letter but it’s not a requirement.

Variable names must start with the letter. They can contain numbers but variable names cannot start with a number.

You can also use the underscore character in variable names. You cannot use +, –  and some other various symbols in variable names. Whenever you get the urge to use a hyphen just use an underscore (_) instead.

Here are some examples of valid variable names.

The first example is in all lowercase letters and it contains a number. However, it doesn’t start with a number so it is a valid variable name.

The second line first_five_letters is in all lowercase and it includes underscores which are valid. However, you can’t use dashes so first-five-letters would not be a valid variable name.

The third variable is firstFiveLetters and it’s in mixed case some lowercase letters and some uppercase letters. Again this is perfectly fine, but just note that this variable would be a completely distinct from all lowercase variable name firstfiveletters for example.

In the Python interactive shell, you can run arithmetic operations without declaring it just as shown below.

In the vast majority of applications that you create and even in interactive mode you’re frequently going to want to store values for later use in your programs. The way that you do that is with variables just like in algebra. For example I can go ahead and create a variable with a simple statement like the one below.

The name of the variable that I have created is x and the value that I have given to x is the integer value 6.

In python anytime you see a whole number like 6 or 25 or 37, that is going to represent an integer value. Whenever you see a number that has a decimal point in it that’s going to represent a floating point value. And python just knows that as part of the languages definition.

Unlike up above when I execute this snippet there is no output for an assignment statement, so this is actually a statement in python that gives the value 6 to the variable x.

Some place in memory the value 6 is stored and we can now refer to that memory location as x and get the value at that location.

Python is a dynamically typed language so it figures out the type of this variable, not based on how you define it but based on what you assign to it.

So you give it the integer value 6 and python knows that at this moment in time x is an integer with the value 6. But because python is dynamically typed we can actually change that at a later time. We’ll learn that to you as we proceed through this tutorial.

So this is an assignment statement and similarly we could create another variable, we’ll call it y and let’s give it the value 3 here.

Now we have a couple of variables that we can use in the subsequent snippets of code.

Variables in algebra can be used in larger expressions. For example, we can do things like,

which is going to look up the value of x, look up the value of y, and then calculate the result.  As we have declared above that x is 6, y is 3, so this is really 6+3. And when I press enter you can see that the Python environment immediately figures that out and displays the result for me.

The great thing about working in python interactive mode in this manner is that you can quickly see your results for every single statement or expression that you write. This enables you to really experiment with the language and learn the language very quickly.

Now, of course when we do an expression like x plus y we might want to store the result for later use. For that let’s go ahead and create a total variable and we’ll give it the value of x plus y.

so total gets us assigned the value of the expression x plus y, whenever you have an assignment expression or an assignment statement like this, whatever’s on the right side of the assignment is going to be evaluated first, and then the result will be stored into the variable on the left side of the assignment.

The type of the variable total will be determined by the type of evaluating the expression we have x which is the integer 6, we have y which is the integer 3. So when you add two integers you get an integer result and thus total also will be an integer. And at this point if I hit enter we see no output.

But in the python interactive session, you can always evaluate a variable to see what its current value is. So I can go ahead and type total and see that indeed total contains the value 9.

Variables x, y and total and even the numbers 25, 37, 6 and 3, all of these things have types associated with them. And it turns out that there is a bunch of so called built in functions in the python language that you can use. One of which is a function named ‘type’, which you can give it a value or a variable name and it will tell you the type of that value or variable.

If we want to determine what the type of the variable x is, we can just go ahead and type

And when I press enter here you’ll notice that it displays the type int, which is integer in the python language.

If I go ahead and type something like 15.3 inside the parentheses of the type function and press enter we can see that the type of that value is a float.

So at any point if you have a variable and you’re unsure of what its type is, and you’re working in a python interactive mode, you can simply pass that variables name to the type function and in turn it will give you back the corresponding type name.

I mentioned that type is a built in function. And also in order to know about all of the different built in functions that are available to you as part of the python language, go to https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html.

As you can see that there’s quite a number of built in functions available. And in python they tend to take the approach of providing as much as capability as possible to you so that you can focus on the larger task at hand.

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• Arithmetic Operators in Python

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What are Assignment Statements in Python | Python assignment statement examples

Table of Contents

What are Assignment Statements in Python

Assignments.

The assignment is the most basic statement in Python, assigning data and an object type to a variable name. You have already seen a number of different examples of this when you learned about the different Python object types. Unlike C, like Perl (in non-strict mode), you do not need to predeclare Python variables before you assign them a value. However, variables must exist when used within an expression or other form of a statement.

There are four basic methods of assignments: basic assignments, and tuple assignments. list assignment, and multiple-target assignment.

Basic Assignments

The basic assignment is the one you have seen most examples of in this chapter. A basic assignment creates a new object using the correct type according to the value assigned to the object, and then the name of the new object, as in the following examples:

Tuple and List Assignments

You can extract the individual elements from a tuple or list using a different operator of assignment. For tuples, you can just specify the list of variables to assign to, each separated by a comma:

What you’re in fact doing in the preceding statements is creating a new tuple on the left-hand side of the assignment operator. However, the tuple with the variable names is anonymous and the information about the entire tuple is not recorded. Because you don’t have to use parentheses to indicate a tuple, the assignment looks more natural, although you could have written them as:

What you end up with in each case is a new variable pointing to the information on the right-hand side. Note as well that you can also use slices and indexes to extract multiple elements from a tuple. For lists, you must create a new, anonymous list in the same way that you create an anonymous tuple:

The tuple and list assignments have another trick up their sleeve. Because names are merely pointers, you can “swap” two object/name combinations by performing a tuple or list assignment as follows:

You can see this better in the following interactive session:

Multiple-Target Assignments

You can create a single object with multiple pointers using the multiple-target assignment statement:

In the preceding statement, you created a single-string object with two different pointers called group and title. Remember that because the two pointers point at the same object, modifying the object contents using one name also modifies the information available via the other name. This is effectively the same as:

Unlike other languages, the default method for communicating with the user is via a statement rather than via a function. The statement has the same basic name, print, but is embedded into the interpreter. Unlike similar print functions, however, the Python print statement actually outputs string representations of the supplied objects to the standard output of the interpreter. The destination is the same as the C stdout or Perl STDOUT file handles, and cannot normally be pointed elsewhere.

Actually, you can redirect the standard output by modifying the object used to paint to the standard output device. It should be no surprise that Python uses objects to communicate with the outside world. The following code demonstrates this point:

This works because instead of pointing the standard output to its original location, you copy the object data for the new fp object instead. The stdout object, which is used by the print function, now sends all of the output to the file somefile. txt .

When printing, the statement follows these basic rules:

•Objects and constants separated by commas are separated by spaces when printed. Use string concatenation or the % formatting operator to avoid this.

•A line feed is appended to every output line. To avoid this, append a comma to the end of the line.

For example, the following script, when executed, displays the different forms supported:

The preceding script produces the following output:

Note how in the last line, print displays the complex object in the same format as str and the “operator.

The ability to print out the contents of an object in this way is extremely useful, both as a programming tool and for debugging. For example, you can store the configuration parameters for an application in one or more variables. When you want to save the information, just use print or the str function to write out the statements. To get the information back, all you need do is import the file contents in the same way that you would with any other module.

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