phd entrance test research methodology

50 Best MCQs on Research Methodology for PhD Entrance Exams 2024

Prepare to ace your PhD entrance examination with the 50 Best MCQs on Research Methodology. Sharpen your skills and get ready for success!

50 best mcqs on research methodology.

MCQs on Research Methodology SET-1

1. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of scientific research?

A) Objectivity

B) Subjectivity

C) Systematic

D) Empirical

Answer: B) Subjectivity

2. The process of reviewing existing literature to gather information and ideas related to a research topic is known as:

A) Data analysis

B) Data collection

C) Literature review

D) Data interpretation

Answer: C) Literature review

3. Which of the following is NOT a qualitative research method?

B) Case study

C) Ethnography

D) Grounded theory

Answer: A) Survey

4. What is the purpose of a pilot study in research?

A) To test the feasibility of the main study

B) To gather preliminary data

C) To refine research methods

D) All of the above

Answer: D) All of the above

5. In a normal distribution curve, what percentage of data falls within one standard deviation from the mean?

Answer: A) 68%

6. Which sampling method involves selecting every nth member from a list to be included in the sample?

A) Stratified sampling

B) Systematic sampling

C) Convenience sampling

D) Snowball sampling

Answer: B) Systematic sampling

7. Which of the following is NOT a component of a research proposal?

A) Abstract

B) Introduction

D) Data analysis

Answer: D) Data analysis

8. What is the primary purpose of an experimental research design?

A) To establish cause-and-effect relationships

B) To describe and understand phenomena

C) To explore relationships between variables

D) To gather in-depth insights

Answer: A) To establish cause-and-effect relationships

9. Which statistical test is used to determine if there is a significant difference between the means of two independent groups?

C) Chi-square test

D) Pearson correlation

Answer: A) t-test

10. What is the term for the extent to which research findings can be generalized to other populations, settings, and times?

A) Validity

B) Reliability

C) Generalizability

D) Replicability

Answer: C) Generalizability

MCQs on Research Methodology SET-2

11. Which of the following is a type of non-probability sampling technique?

A) Random sampling

B) Stratified sampling

D) Cluster sampling

Answer: C) Convenience sampling

12. What is the purpose of informed consent in research involving human subjects?

A) To ensure participants are paid for their time

B) To ensure participants are fully aware of the study’s purpose, procedures, and risks

C) To guarantee confidentiality of participants’ data

D) To provide participants with an opportunity to withdraw from the study at any time

Answer: B) To ensure participants are fully aware of the study’s purpose, procedures, and risks

13. Which of the following is NOT a type of qualitative data analysis?

A) Content analysis

B) Descriptive statistics

C) Thematic analysis

Answer: B) Descriptive statistics

14. What is the term for a test’s ability to measure what it claims to measure?

A) Reliability

B) Validity

D) Precision

Answer: B) Validity

15. Which of the following is a measure of central tendency?

A) Standard deviation

D) Variance

Answer: B) Median

16. What type of research design involves studying the same group of individuals over an extended period?

A) Cross-sectional

B) Longitudinal

C) Experimental

D) Case study

Answer: B) Longitudinal

17. Which of the following is NOT a step in the quantitative research process?

A) Data collection

B) Hypothesis generation

C) Theory development

Answer: C) Theory development

18. What is the term for the phenomenon where participants modify their behavior because they are aware of being observed?

A) Social desirability bias

B) Hawthorne effect

C) Confirmation bias

D) Placebo effect

Answer: B) Hawthorne effect

19. Which of the following is NOT a criterion for establishing causality in research?

A) Temporal precedence

B) Covariation of cause and effect

C) Correlation

D) Absence of confounding variables

Answer: C) Correlation

20. What is the purpose of peer review in the research publication process?

A) To ensure research findings are accurate

B) To provide constructive feedback to authors

C) To determine whether a study is worthy of publication

MCQs on Research Methodology SET-3

21. Which of the following is an example of a dependent variable?

D) Test scores

Answer: D) Test scores

22. What is the term for a systematic error in measurement that leads to consistent underestimation or overestimation of the true value?

A) Random error

B) Sampling error

D) Variability

Answer: C) Bias

23. Which of the following is NOT a type of reliability?

A) Test-retest reliability

B) Internal consistency reliability

C) Inter-rater reliability

D) Construct reliability

Answer: D) Construct reliability

24. Which type of validity refers to the degree to which a study’s findings can be generalized to other populations, settings, and times?

A) Internal validity

B) External validity

C) Construct validity

D) Content validity

Answer: B) External validity

25. Which of the following is NOT an ethical principle governing research involving human subjects?

A) Respect for persons

B) Beneficence

Answer: D) Honesty

26. What type of research design is characterized by the researcher’s direct involvement in the research setting?

A) Experimental

B) Ex post facto

C) Observational

D) Correlational

Answer: C) Observational

27. What is the term for a measure’s consistency or stability over time?

Answer: B) Reliability

28. Which of the following is NOT a type of probability sampling technique?

A) Simple random sampling

B) Quota sampling

C) Snowball sampling

D) Systematic sampling

Answer: C) Snowball sampling

29. What is the term for a type of research that seeks to describe and understand phenomena in their natural settings?

A) Experimental research

B) Quantitative research

C) Qualitative research

D) Mixed-methods research

Answer: C) Qualitative research

30. Which of the following is a measure of dispersion?

Answer: C) Range

MCQs on Research Methodology SET-4

31. Which of the following is NOT a type of experimental design?

A) Pre-experimental design

B) Quasi-experimental design

C) True experimental design

D) Descriptive design

Answer: D) Descriptive design

32. What is the term for the phenomenon where participants provide responses they believe are socially acceptable rather than their true opinions?

Answer: A) Social desirability bias

33. Which of the following is NOT a qualitative data collection method?

B) Interview

C) Observation

D) Focus group discussion

34. Which of the following is an example of a continuous variable?

B) Marital status

D) Country of residence

Answer: C) Age

35. Which of the following is NOT a type of probability sampling technique?

A) Cluster sampling

B) Convenience sampling

C) Stratified sampling

D) Random sampling

Answer: B) Convenience sampling

36. What is the term for a measure’s ability to produce consistent results when administered multiple times?

37. Which of the following is a type of non-probability sampling technique?

38. What is the term for the phenomenon where participants modify their behavior because they are aware of being observed?

39. Which of the following is NOT a criterion for establishing causality in research?

40. What is the purpose of peer review in the research publication process?

MCQs on Research Methodology SET-5

41. Which of the following is an example of a dependent variable?

42. What is the term for a systematic error in measurement that leads to consistent underestimation or overestimation of the true value?

43. Which of the following is NOT a type of reliability?

44. Which type of validity refers to the degree to which a study’s findings can be generalized to other populations, settings, and times?

45. Which of the following is NOT an ethical principle governing research involving human subjects?

46. What type of research design is characterized by the researcher’s direct involvement in the research setting?

47. What is the term for a measure’s consistency or stability over time?

48. Which of the following is NOT a type of probability sampling technique?

49. What is the term for a type of research that seeks to describe and understand phenomena in their natural settings?

50. Which of the following is a measure of dispersion?

What is Research Methodology ?

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FULL Research Methodology for PhD Entrance- Full COURSE

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This course provides a comprehensive overview of research methodology, specifically designed for students preparing for PhD entrance exams. From understanding the basics of research design to advanced data analysis techniques, participants will strengthen their skills and knowledge to conduct impactful research. Topics covered in this course include formulating research questions, selecting appropriate research methods, conducting literature reviews, collecting and analyzing data, and summarizing research findings. This course is led by experienced instructors who will guide participants through interactive lectures, case studies, and hands-on exercises.

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8 attachments • 21 mins

Importance of research ethics

Ethical principles and guidelines

DATA ANALYSIS- Reliability & validity

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Free download in PDF Research Methodology Multiple Choice Questions(MCQs) & Answers. These multiple choice questions on Research Methodology are very useful for PhD entrance exam.

View Answer

Answer: Helps those interested in further research and studying the problem from another angle

Answer: It depends on your point of view

DOWNLOAD CURRENT AFFAIRS PDF FROM APP

Answer: Pr absorbs red light and becomes Pfr

Answer: Involves testing an explicitly defined hypothesis

Answer: A hypothesis

Answer: Sampling people, newspapers, television programmes etc.

Answer: Introduction; Literature review; Research methods; Results; Discussion; Conclusion

Answer: Research questions

Answer: Experimental studies

Answer: Laboratory and field experiments

Answer: Reference collection

Answer: Emphasis upon the control of the immediate situation

Answer: Longitudinal

Answer: Cross-sectional studies

Answer: Variables

Answer: All of these

Answer: General terms

Answer: Inadequate sample

Answer: Fact finding (historical) studies

Answer: Booth

Teacher Eligibility Test

All Solved MCQs on Research Methodology

In this post, we have posted 20 Solved MCQs on Research Methodology . Every question is consisted of four options. The answer is bold with black colour.

The Given Solved MCQs on Research Methodology are targeted to the students who are pursuing the subject of Research Methodology as a part of their degree or post graduate degree courses in criminology, law, sociology, social work, etc.

Multiple Choice Questions on Research Methodology

1. Which of the following is the role of a conclusion:

To gives an ending to your project and highlight what a research result means

To help the researcher explain how his/her research contributes to the new knowledge.

To give an impression of the work done by the researcher.

All the above.

2. A good conclusion can be:

A repetition of the researcher’s work

One line.

Blue-print of the research.

3. A Conclusion should just repeat what the researcher has said in the Research.

False

4. The Conclusion is a good place to add in all the extra ideas the researcher could not fit in his research.

False

5. The Conclusion should bring all ideas of the researcher together to justify his/her final view on the topic.

True

6. The Conclusion is a great place to put all the favorite quotes of the researcher from the book that could fit in the research.

7. The Conclusion is a good place to give suggestions how one can take action or change one’s ideas based on the issues discussed in the research.

8. A Researcher should give his/her own opinion in the Research.

9. A Researcher should explain why he/she feels the stated way about the text/topic, referring to the ideas in the research.

10. A good Conclusion could be just one line.

11. A Conclusion should use the key words from the Research.

12. According to David Bunton, A well written conclusion should not –

Present the last word on the issues you raised in your paper.

Summarize the Research.

Ignore the importance of the Researcher’s ideas.

Introduce the new ways or expanded ways of thinking on the issue.

13. A Good Conclusion will refer to the objectives of the research to bring the research to a clear end.

14. A Good Conclusion should not be:

Clear

Simple

Precise

Ambiguous

15. While drawing conclusion, the method used should be :

Induction

Deduction

Both the methods

None of the Methods

16. A Researcher should avoid which of the following things while writing a conclusion:

Unnecessary information

Ignoring the negative results

Providing a clear summary

It should match with the objectives

17. According to Martyn Shuttleworth, a research should draw conclusion on the basis of which of the following points:

Learning that has been done in the Research

Evaluation of the Flaws

Benefits of the Research

All the above

18. The most important role played by a good Conclusion is:

It generates the aspects for future research.

It does not summarise the research.

It is not a blue-print of the research.

It does not pave way for new research.

19. A conclusion should:

Not convey the last words.

Not identify how a gap has been addressed in literature.

Not give importance to the researcher’s ideas.

None of the above

20. In conclusion, a researcher cannot:

Add new ideas that did not fit in research.

Use Key words.

Give his own opinion.

Summarize his research.

Others Solved MCQs on Research Methodology

Credit : SWAYAM (Instructor: Prof. Bajpai)

Solved MCQs on Basic Research
MCQs on Legal Research with answers
MCQs on sampling in research methodology with answers
MCQ on Citation and Referencing in Research
Research Ethics MCQs with answers
Solved MCQs on Sampling in research methodology
20 MCQs with answers on plagiarism
MCQs on Hypothesis
Research Report writing MCQs with answers
Multiple Choice Questions on primary and secondary data | Data Collection
MCQ on data analysis in research methodology

Research Methodology Mock Test (PhD Entrance Test)

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Research Methodology 0%

1 . Question

Who was the author of the book named “Methods in Social Research”?

Goode and Hatt

Goode and Halt

Explanation: The book named “Methods in Social Research” was authored by Goode and Hatt on Dec 01, 1952, which was specifically aimed to improve student’s knowledge as well as response skills.

2 . Question

What is the major attribute of Correlation Analysis?

Association among variables
Difference among variables
Regression among variables
Variations among variables

Explanation: Mainly the correlational analysis focus on finding the association between one or more quantitative independent variables and one or more quantitative dependent variables.

3 . Question

What is the name of the conceptual framework in which the research is carried out?

Research hypothesis
Synopsis of Research
Research paradigm
Research design

Explanation: A conceptual framework can be understood as a Research design that you require before research.

4 . Question

What is the main role of research in education?

To upsurge one's social status.
To increase one's job prospects.
To augment one's personal growth.
To help an applicant in becoming a renowned educationalist.

To help an applicant in becoming a renowned educationalist

Explanation: Educational research can be defined as an assurance for reviewing and improving educational practice, which will result in becoming a renowned educationalist.

5 . Question

Which of the following features are considered as critical in qualitative research?

Collecting data with the help of standardized research tools
Design sampling with probability sample techniques
Collecting data with bottom-up empirical evidence
Gathering data with top-down schematic evidence
Collecting data with bottom-up empirical evidence.

Explanation: In qualitative research, we use an inductive methodology that starts from particular to general. In other words, we study society from the bottom, then move upward to make the theories.

6 . Question

How is random sampling helpful?

Reasonably accurate
An economical method of data collection
Free from personal biases
All of the above

Explanation: In random sampling, for each element of the set, there exist a possibility to get selected.

7 . Question

A research intends to explore the result of possible factors for the organization of effective mid-day meal interventions. Which research method will be most appropriate for this study?

Descriptive survey method
Historical method
Ex-post facto method
Experimental method

Explanation: Mainly in the ex-post facto method, the existing groups with qualities are compared on some dependent variable. It is also known as quasi-experimental for the fact that instead of randomly assigning the subjects, they are grouped on the basis of a particular characteristic or trait.

8 . Question

Tippit table refers to as _________

Table of random digits
The table used in sampling methods
The table used in statistical investigations

Explanation: Tippit table was first published by L.H.C Tippett in 1927.

9 . Question

In order to pursue the research, which of the following is priorly required?

Developing a research design
Formulating a research question
Deciding about the data analysis procedure
Formulating a research hypothesis

Explanation: Before starting with research, it is necessary to have a research question or a topic because once the problem is identified, then we can decide the research design.

10 . Question

The format of thesis writing is the same as in

Writing of Seminar representation
Preparation of research paper/article
A research dissertation
Presenting a workshop/conference paper

Explanation: The format of thesis writing is similar to that of a research dissertation, or we can simply say that dissertation is another word for a thesis.

11 . Question

Which one among the following statements is false in the context of participatory research?

It recognizes knowledge as power
It is a collective process of inquiry
It emphasizes people as experts
Its sole purpose is the production of knowledge

Explanation: Participatory action research is a kind of research that stresses participation and action.

12 . Question

Which one among the following statement is true in the context of the testing of hypotheses?

It is only the alternative hypotheses that can be tested.
It is only the null hypotheses that can be tested.
Both the alternative and the null hypotheses can be tested.
Both the alternative and the null hypotheses cannot be tested.

It is only the null hypothesis that can be tested.

Explanation: Hypotheses testing evaluates its plausibility by using sample data.

13 . Question

What are the conditions in which Type-I error occurs?

The null hypotheses get accepted even if it is false
The null hypotheses get rejected even if it is true
Both the null hypotheses as well as alternative hypotheses are rejected
None of the above

Explanation: The Type-I Error can be defined as the first kind of error.

14 . Question

Research and Development become the index of development of the country. Which of the following reasons are true with regards to this statement?

R & D targets human development
R & D can enhance people's standard of living in the country
R & D reflects the actual economic and social conditions being prevailed in the country
All the above

All of the above.

Explanation: No explanation.

15 . Question

What does the longitudinal research approach actually deal with?

Long-term research
Short-term research
Horizontal research

Explanation: In general, the longitudinal approach is long-term research in which the researchers keep on examining similar individuals to detect if any change has occurred over a while.

16 . Question

What do you understand by the term “Anusandhan”?

Goal-oriented
Following an aim
Attaining an aim
Praying to achieve an aim

17 . Question

Evaluation Research is concerned with __________

How well are we doing?
Why are we doing?
What are we doing?

Explanation: Instead of focusing on the process, the evaluation research measures the consequences of the process, for example, if the objectives are met or not.

18 . Question

Which of the following does not correspond to characteristics of research?

Research is not passive
Research is systematic
Research is not a problem-oriented
Research is not a process

Explanation: Research is an inspired and systematic work that is undertaken by the researchers to intensify expertise.

1) Who was the author of the book named “Methods in Social Research”?

Hide Answer Workspace

Answer: c) Goode and Halt

Explanation: The book named “Methods in Social Research” was authored by Goode and Hatt on Dec 01, 1952, which was specifically aimed to improve student’s knowledge as well as response skills.

2) What is the major attribute of Correlation Analysis?

Answer: a) Association among variables

Explanation: Mainly the correlational analysis focus on finding the association between one or more quantitative independent variables and one or more quantitative dependent variables.

3) What is the name of the conceptual framework in which the research is carried out?

Answer: d) Research design

Explanation: A conceptual framework can be understood as a Research design that you require before research.

4) What is the main role of research in education?

To upsurge one’s social status.
To increase one’s job prospects.
To augment one’s personal growth.

Answer: d) To help an applicant in becoming a renowned educationalist

Explanation: Educational research can be defined as an assurance for reviewing and improving educational practice, which will result in becoming a renowned educationalist.

5) Which of the following features are considered as critical in qualitative research?

Collecting data with the help of standardized research tools.
Design sampling with probability sample techniques.
Gathering data with top-down schematic evidence.

Answer: c) Collecting data with bottom-up empirical evidence.

Explanation: In qualitative research, we use an inductive methodology that starts from particular to general. In other words, we study society from the bottom, then move upward to make the theories.

6) How is random sampling helpful?

Answer: d) All of the above

Explanation: In random sampling, for each element of the set, there exist a possibility to get selected.

7) A research intends to explore the result of possible factors for the organization of effective mid-day meal interventions. Which research method will be most appropriate for this study?

Answer: c) Ex-post facto method

8) Tippit table refers to as _________

Explanation: Tippit table was first published by L.H.C Tippett in 1927.

9) In order to pursue the research, which of the following is priorly required?

Answer: b) Formulating a research question

Explanation: Before starting with research, it is necessary to have a research question or a topic because once the problem is identified, then we can decide the research design.

10) The format of thesis writing is the same as in

Answer: c) A research dissertation

Explanation: The format of thesis writing is similar to that of a research dissertation, or we can simply say that dissertation is another word for a thesis.

11) Which one among the following statements is false in the context of participatory research?

Answer: d) Its sole purpose is the production of knowledge

Explanation: Participatory action research is a kind of research that stresses participation and action.

12) Which one among the following statement is true in the context of the testing of hypotheses?

Answer: b) It is only the null hypothesis that can be tested.

Explanation: Hypotheses testing evaluates its plausibility by using sample data.

13) What are the conditions in which Type-I error occurs?

Answer: b) The null hypotheses get rejected even if it is true

Explanation: The Type-I Error can be defined as the first kind of error.

14) Research and Development become the index of development of the country. Which of the following reasons are true with regards to this statement?

R&D targets human development
R&D can enhance people’s standard of living in the country
R&D reflects the actual economic and social conditions being prevailed in the country

Answer: d) All of the above.

Explanation: No explanation.

15) What does the longitudinal research approach actually deal with?

Answer: a) Long-term research

Explanation: In general, the longitudinal approach is long-term research in which the researchers keep on examining similar individuals to detect if any change has occurred over a while.

16) What do you understand by the term “Anusandhan”?

Answer: b) Following an aim

17) Evaluation Research is concerned with __________

Answer: a) How well are we doing?

Explanation: Instead of focusing on the process, the evaluation research measures the consequences of the process, for example, if the objectives are met or not.

18) Which of the following does not correspond to characteristics of research?

Answer: d) Research is not a process

Explanation: Research is an inspired and systematic work that is undertaken by the researchers to intensify expertise.

19) Which of the following options are the main tasks of research in modern society?

To learn new things
To keep pace with the advancement in knowledge
To systematically examine and critically analyze the investigations/sources with the objective

20) What is the main aim of interdisciplinary research?

To over simplify the problem of research
To bring out the holistic approach to research
To create a new trend in research methodology
To reduce the emphasis on a single subject in the research domain

Answer: b) To bring out the holistic approach to research

Explanation: Particularly in interdisciplinary research, it combines two or more hypothetical disciplines into one activity.

21) The main aim of the scientific method in the research field is to _________

Improve data interpretation
Confirm triangulation
Introduce new variables
Eliminate spurious relations

Answer: d) Eliminate spurious relations

Explanation: Scientific research aims to build knowledge by hypothesizing new theories and discovering laws.

22) A researcher is interested in studying the prospects of a particular political party in an urban area. So, what tool should he prefer for the study?

Rating Scale
Questionnaire

Answer: c) Questionnaire

Explanation: Since it is an urban area, so there is a probability of literacy amongst a greater number of people. Also, there would be numerous questions over the ruling period of a political party, which cannot be simply answered by rating. The rating can only be considered if any political party has done some work, which is why the Questionnaire is used.

23) The conclusions/findings of which type of research cannot be generalized to other situations?

Casual Comparative Research
Historical Research
Descriptive Research
Experimental Research

Answer: b) Historical Research

Explanation: One cannot generalize historical research in the USA, which has been done in India.

24) How to judge the depth of any research?

By research title
By research duration
By research objectives
By total expenditure on research

Answer: c) By research objectives

Explanation: Research objectives concisely demonstrate what we are trying to achieve through the research.

25) Who can successfully conduct Research?

Someone who is a hard worker
Possesses post-graduation degree
Has studied research methodology
Possesses thinking and reasoning ability

Answer: c) Has studied research methodology

Explanation: Anyone who has studied the research methodology can undergo the research.

26) Which of the following is not the method of Research?

Observation
Philosophical

Answer: c) Observation

Explanation: Mainly the research method comprises strategies, processes or techniques that are being utilized to collect the data or evidence so as to reveal new information or create a better understanding of a topic.

27) A research problem is feasible only when

It has utility and relevance
It is new and adds something to knowledge
It is researchable

Explanation: A research problem can be defined as a statement about the area of interest, a condition that is required to be improved, a difficulty that has to be eradicated, or any disquieting question existing in scholarly literature, in theory, or in practice that points to be solved.

28) Circle graphs are used to show

How is one part related to other parts?
How various sections share in the whole?
How is one whole related to another whole?
How are various parts related to the whole?

Answer: d) How are various parts related to the whole?

Explanation: A circle graph helps in visualizing information as well as the data.

29) Authenticity of a research finding is its

Objectivity
Originality

Answer: b) Objectivity

30) Which one is called non-probability sampling?

Quota sampling
Cluster sampling
Systematic sampling
Stratified random sampling

Answer: a) Quota sampling

Explanation: In non-probability sampling, all the members do not get an equal opportunity to participate in the study.

31) What does a good thesis involve?

a) Reducing punctuations as well as grammatical errors to minimalist b) Correct reference citations c) Consistency in the way of thesis writing d) Well defined abstract

Select the answers from the codes given below:

b), c) and d)
a), b), c) and d)
a), b) and c)
a), b) and d)

Answer: B. a), b), c) and d)

Explanation: All of the above.

32) Which one among the following statements is correct in context to research?

a) Research refers to a series of systematic activity or activities undertaken to find out the solution to a problem. b) It is a systematic, logical and unbiased process wherein verification of hypotheses, data analysis, interpretation and formation of principles can be done. c) It is an intellectual inquiry or quest towards truth, d) It enhances knowledge.

Select the correct answer from the codes given below:

a), c) and d)

Answer: A. a), b), c) and d)

33) On what basis did Jean Piaget give his theory of cognitive development of humans?

Evaluation Research
Fundamental Research
Applied Research
Action Research

Answer: b) Fundamental Research

Explanation: Jean Piaget, in his cognitive-developmental theory, proposed the idea that children can actively construct knowledge simply by exploring and manipulating the world around them.

34) What are the core elements of a dissertation?

Introduction; Data Collection; Data Analysis; Conclusions and Recommendations
Executive Summary; Literature Review; Data Gathered; Conclusions; Bibliography
Research Plan; Research Data; Analysis; References

Introduction; Literature Review; Research Methodology; Results; Discussions and Conclusions

Answer: d) Introduction; Literature Review; Research Methodology; Results; Discussions and Conclusions

Explanation: The core elements of the dissertation are as follows:

35) “Sampling Cases” can be defined as

Sampling using a sampling frame
Identifying people who are suitable for research
Literally the researcher’s brief case
A sampling of people, newspapers, television programs etc.

Answer: d) A sampling of people, newspapers, television programs etc.

Explanation: In general, sampling in case study research involves decisions made by the researchers regarding the strategies of sampling, the number of case studies, and the definition of the unit of analysis.

36) Which technique is generally followed when the population is finite?

Systematic Sampling Technique
Purposive Sampling Technique
Area Sampling Technique

Answer: a) Systematic Sampling Technique

Explanation: Systematic sampling can be understood as a probability sampling method in which the members of the population are selected by the researchers at a regular interval.

37) Research problem is selected from the standpoint of

Social relevance
Financial support
Researcher’s interest
Availability of relevant literature

Answer: a) Social relevance

38) The F-test:

Is essentially a two-tailed test.
Is essentially a one-tailed test.
Can be one-tailed as well as two-tailed depending on the hypotheses.
Can never be one tailed test.

Answer: c) Can be one-tailed as well as two-tailed depending on the hypotheses

Explanation: An F-test corresponds to a statistical test in which the test statistic has an F-distribution under the null hypothesis.

39) Which one among the following is the most comprehensive source of population data?

National Sample Surveys
Demographic Health Surveys
National Family Health Surveys

Answer: a) Census

Explanation: Census is an official survey that keeps track of the population data.

40) The process not needed in experimental research is

Controlling
Reference collection
Manipulation and replication

Answer: b) Observation

41) What are those conditions where a research problem is not viable?

It can be researched
It contains dependent and independent variables

Answer: d) It contains dependent and independent variables

Explanation: A research problem can be defined as a statement about the concerned area, a condition needed to be improved, a difficulty that has to be eliminated, or a troubling question existing in scholarly literature, in theory, or in practice pointing towards the need of delivering a deliberate investigation.

42) How can we enhance the research objective?

By making it more valid
By making it more reliable
By making it more impartial

Explanation: The research objectives must be concisely described before starting the research as it illustrates what we are going to achieve as an end result after the accomplishment.

43) Action-research can be understood as ___________

A longitudinal research
An applied research
A kind of research being carried out to solve a specific problem

Answer: c) A kind of research being carried out to solve a specific problem

Explanation: In general, action research is termed as a philosophy or a research methodology, which is implemented in social sciences.

44) On what basis can one formulate the assumptions?

The cultural background of the country
Universities
Some specific characteristics of castes

Answer: a) The cultural background of the country

Explanation: An assumption can be identified as an unexamined belief, which we contemplate without even comprehending it. Also, the conclusions that we draw are often based on assumptions.

45) Which one among the following falls under the category of research development?

Philosophical Research

46) What is the use of Factorial Analysis?

For setting the hypotheses
To understand the difference between two variables
To understand the relationship between two variables
To understand the difference between various variables

Answer: b) To understand the difference between two variables

Explanation: Factor analysis can be understood as a statistical method that defines the variability between two variables in terms of factors, which are nothing but unobserved variables.

47) What is the best-suited name for a process that doesn’t necessitate experimental research?

Manipulation
Content analysis

Answer: a) Manipulation

Explanation: In an experimental research design, whenever the independent variables (i.e., treatment variables or factors) decisively get altered by researchers, then that process is termed as an experimental manipulation.

48) Which one among the following variables cannot be expressed in quantitative terms?

Numerical Aptitude
Marital Status
Socio-economic Status
Professional Attitude

Answer: d) Professional Attitude

Explanation: A professional attitude is an ability that inclines you to manage your time, portray a leadership quality, make you self-determined and persistent.

49) The “Sociogram” technique is used to study _________

Vocational Interest
Human Relations
Professional Competence
Achievement Motivation

Answer: b) Human Relations

Explanation: The term sociogram can be defined as a graphical representation of human relation that portrays the social links formed by one particular person.a

50) Which one among the following phrases does not correspond to the meaning of research as a process?

Problem Solving
Trial and Error
Objective Observation
Systematic Activity

Answer: c) Objective Observation

Explanation: The research process comprises classifying, locating, evaluating, and investigating the data, which is required to support your research question, followed by developing and expressing your ideas.