assignment operators on php

Language Reference

Assignment Operators

The basic assignment operator is "=". Your first inclination might be to think of this as "equal to". Don't. It really means that the left operand gets set to the value of the expression on the right (that is, "gets set to").

The value of an assignment expression is the value assigned. That is, the value of " $a = 3 " is 3. This allows you to do some tricky things: <?php $a = ( $b = 4 ) + 5 ; // $a is equal to 9 now, and $b has been set to 4. ?>

In addition to the basic assignment operator, there are "combined operators" for all of the binary arithmetic , array union and string operators that allow you to use a value in an expression and then set its value to the result of that expression. For example: <?php $a = 3 ; $a += 5 ; // sets $a to 8, as if we had said: $a = $a + 5; $b = "Hello " ; $b .= "There!" ; // sets $b to "Hello There!", just like $b = $b . "There!"; ?>

Note that the assignment copies the original variable to the new one (assignment by value), so changes to one will not affect the other. This may also have relevance if you need to copy something like a large array inside a tight loop.

An exception to the usual assignment by value behaviour within PHP occurs with object s, which are assigned by reference. Objects may be explicitly copied via the clone keyword.

Assignment by Reference

Assignment by reference is also supported, using the " $var = &$othervar; " syntax. Assignment by reference means that both variables end up pointing at the same data, and nothing is copied anywhere.

Example #1 Assigning by reference

The new operator returns a reference automatically, as such assigning the result of new by reference is an error.

The above example will output:

More information on references and their potential uses can be found in the References Explained section of the manual.

Arithmetic Assignment Operators

Bitwise assignment operators, other assignment operators.

arithmetic operators
bitwise operators
null coalescing operator

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Home » PHP Tutorial » PHP Assignment Operators

PHP Assignment Operators

Summary : in this tutorial, you will learn about the most commonly used PHP assignment operators.

Introduction to the PHP assignment operator

PHP uses the = to represent the assignment operator. The following shows the syntax of the assignment operator:

On the left side of the assignment operator ( = ) is a variable to which you want to assign a value. And on the right side of the assignment operator ( = ) is a value or an expression.

When evaluating the assignment operator ( = ), PHP evaluates the expression on the right side first and assigns the result to the variable on the left side. For example:

In this example, we assigned 10 to $x, 20 to $y, and the sum of $x and $y to $total.

The assignment expression returns a value assigned, which is the result of the expression in this case:

It means that you can use multiple assignment operators in a single statement like this:

In this case, PHP evaluates the right-most expression first:

The variable $y is 20 .

The assignment expression $y = 20 returns 20 so PHP assigns 20 to $x . After the assignments, both $x and $y equal 20.

Arithmetic assignment operators

Sometimes, you want to increase a variable by a specific value. For example:

How it works.

First, $counter is set to 1 .
Then, increase the $counter by 1 and assign the result to the $counter .

After the assignments, the value of $counter is 2 .

PHP provides the arithmetic assignment operator += that can do the same but with a shorter code. For example:

The expression $counter += 1 is equivalent to the expression $counter = $counter + 1 .

Besides the += operator, PHP provides other arithmetic assignment operators. The following table illustrates all the arithmetic assignment operators:

Concatenation assignment operator

PHP uses the concatenation operator (.) to concatenate two strings. For example:

By using the concatenation assignment operator you can concatenate two strings and assigns the result string to a variable. For example:

Use PHP assignment operator ( = ) to assign a value to a variable. The assignment expression returns the value assigned.
Use arithmetic assignment operators to carry arithmetic operations and assign at the same time.
Use concatenation assignment operator ( .= )to concatenate strings and assign the result to a variable in a single statement.

PHP Tutorial

Php advanced, mysql database, php examples, php reference, php operators.

Operators are used to perform operations on variables and values.

PHP divides the operators in the following groups:

Arithmetic operators
Assignment operators
Comparison operators
Increment/Decrement operators
Logical operators
String operators
Array operators
Conditional assignment operators

PHP Arithmetic Operators

The PHP arithmetic operators are used with numeric values to perform common arithmetical operations, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication etc.

PHP Assignment Operators

The PHP assignment operators are used with numeric values to write a value to a variable.

The basic assignment operator in PHP is "=". It means that the left operand gets set to the value of the assignment expression on the right.

PHP Comparison Operators

The PHP comparison operators are used to compare two values (number or string):

PHP Increment / Decrement Operators

The PHP increment operators are used to increment a variable's value.

The PHP decrement operators are used to decrement a variable's value.

PHP Logical Operators

The PHP logical operators are used to combine conditional statements.

PHP String Operators

PHP has two operators that are specially designed for strings.

PHP Array Operators

The PHP array operators are used to compare arrays.

PHP Conditional Assignment Operators

The PHP conditional assignment operators are used to set a value depending on conditions:

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PHP Operators

In this article, we will see how to use the operators in PHP, & various available operators along with understanding their implementation through the examples.

Operators are used to performing operations on some values. In other words, we can describe operators as something that takes some values, performs some operation on them, and gives a result. From example, “1 + 2 = 3” in this expression ‘+’ is an operator. It takes two values 1 and 2, performs an addition operation on them to give 3.

Just like any other programming language, PHP also supports various types of operations like arithmetic operations(addition, subtraction, etc), logical operations(AND, OR etc), Increment/Decrement Operations, etc. Thus, PHP provides us with many operators to perform such operations on various operands or variables, or values. These operators are nothing but symbols needed to perform operations of various types. Given below are the various groups of operators:

Arithmetic Operators
Logical or Relational Operators
Comparison Operators
Conditional or Ternary Operators
Assignment Operators
Spaceship Operators (Introduced in PHP 7)
Array Operators
Increment/Decrement Operators
String Operators

Let us now learn about each of these operators in detail.

Arithmetic Operators:

The arithmetic operators are used to perform simple mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, etc. Below is the list of arithmetic operators along with their syntax and operations in PHP.

Note : The exponentiation has been introduced in PHP 5.6.

Example : This example explains the arithmetic operator in PHP.

Logical or Relational Operators:

These are basically used to operate with conditional statements and expressions. Conditional statements are based on conditions. Also, a condition can either be met or cannot be met so the result of a conditional statement can either be true or false. Here are the logical operators along with their syntax and operations in PHP.

Example : This example describes the logical & relational operator in PHP.

Comparison Operators: These operators are used to compare two elements and outputs the result in boolean form. Here are the comparison operators along with their syntax and operations in PHP.

Example : This example describes the comparison operator in PHP.

Conditional or Ternary Operators :

These operators are used to compare two values and take either of the results simultaneously, depending on whether the outcome is TRUE or FALSE. These are also used as a shorthand notation for if…else statement that we will read in the article on decision making.

Here, the condition will either evaluate as true or false. If the condition evaluates to True, then value1 will be assigned to the variable $var otherwise value2 will be assigned to it.

Example : This example describes the Conditional or Ternary operators in PHP.

Assignment Operators: These operators are used to assign values to different variables, with or without mid-operations. Here are the assignment operators along with their syntax and operations, that PHP provides for the operations.

Example : This example describes the assignment operator in PHP.

Array Operators: These operators are used in the case of arrays. Here are the array operators along with their syntax and operations, that PHP provides for the array operation.

Example : This example describes the array operation in PHP.

Increment/Decrement Operators: These are called the unary operators as they work on single operands. These are used to increment or decrement values.

Example : This example describes the Increment/Decrement operators in PHP.

String Operators: This operator is used for the concatenation of 2 or more strings using the concatenation operator (‘.’). We can also use the concatenating assignment operator (‘.=’) to append the argument on the right side to the argument on the left side.

Example : This example describes the string operator in PHP.

Spaceship Operators :

PHP 7 has introduced a new kind of operator called spaceship operator. The spaceship operator or combined comparison operator is denoted by “<=>“. These operators are used to compare values but instead of returning the boolean results, it returns integer values. If both the operands are equal, it returns 0. If the right operand is greater, it returns -1. If the left operand is greater, it returns 1. The following table shows how it works in detail:

Example : This example illustrates the use of the spaceship operator in PHP.

PHP Constants

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PHP Control Statements

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PHP break (Single and Nested Loops) In PHP break is used to immediately terminate the loop and the program control resumes at the next statement following the loop. Method 1: Given an array the task is to run a loop and display all the values in array and terminate the loop when encounter 5. Examples: Input : array1 = array( 1, 2, 3, 2 min read
PHP continue Statement The continue statement is used within a loop structure to skip the loop iteration and continue execution at the beginning of condition execution. It is mainly used to skip the current iteration and check for the next condition. The continue accepts an optional numeric value that tells how many loops 1 min read
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PHP Functions

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PHP Advanced

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Abstract Classes in PHP Abstract classes are the classes in which at least one method is abstract. Unlike C++ abstract classes in PHP are declared with the help of abstract keyword. Use of abstract classes are that all base classes implementing this class should give implementation of abstract methods declared in parent cl 2 min read
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MySQL Database

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Connect PHP to MySQL What is MySQL? MySQL is an open-source relational database management system (RDBMS). It is the most popular database system used with PHP. Structured Query Language (SQL). The data in a MySQL database are stored in tables that consist of columns and rows. MySQL is a database system that runs on a s 3 min read
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Complete References

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PHP String Functions Complete Reference Strings are a collection of characters. For example, 'G' is the character and 'GeeksforGeeks' is the string. Installation: These functions are not required any installation. These are the part of PHP core. The complete list of PHP string functions are given below: Example: This program helps us to c 6 min read
PHP Math Functions Complete Reference The predefined math functions in PHP are used to handle the mathematical operations within the integer and float types. These math functions are part of the PHP core. Installation: These functions have not required any installation. The complete list of PHP math functions are given below: Example: P 3 min read
PHP Filesystem Functions Complete Reference The Filesystem function is used to access and manipulate filesystem. It is the part of PHP code so no need to install these functions. For accessing the files on the system, the file path will be used. On Unix system, forward slash (/) is used as a directory separator and on Windows platform, both f 4 min read
PHP intl Functions Complete Reference The Complete list of PHP intl Functions are listed below: Collator PHP collator_asort() FunctionPHP collator_compare() FunctionPHP Collator __construct() FunctionPHP Collator create() FunctionPHP collator_sort_with_sort_keys() FunctionPHP collator_sort() Function IntlCalendar PHP IntlCalendar add() 1 min read
PHP IntlChar Functions Complete Reference IntlChar() functions provide access of utility methods which is used to access the information about Unicode characters. The IntlChar methods and constants are close to the names and behavior which are used by ICU (International Components for Unicode) library. Example: programs illustrate the IntlC 4 min read
PHP Image Processing and GD Functions Complete Reference Image processing and GD functions are used to create and manipulate image files in different image formats including GIF, PNG, JPEG, WBMP, and XPM. PHP can deliver the output image directly to the browser. The image processing and GD functions are used to compile the image functions for this work. I 3 min read
PHP Imagick Functions Complete Reference The Imagick Function is used to create and modify images using the ImageMagick API. ImageMagick is the software suite to create edit and modify the composing bitmap images. Thisread, writes and converts images in many formats including DPX, EXR, GIF, JPEG, JPEG-2000, PDF, PhotoCD, PNG, Postscript, S 6 min read
PHP ImagickDraw Functions Complete Reference The ImagickDraw class is used to draw the vector-based image using ImageMagick. The vector-based generated image can be saved into the file. Syntax: bool ImagickDraw::s() Example: Below program illustrates the ImagickDraw::point() Function in PHP: C/C++ Code <?php // Create an ImagickDraw object 3 min read
PHP Gmagick Functions Complete Reference Gmagick is the PHP extension used to create, modify and obtain meta information of an image using GraphicsMagick API. The Gmagick consists of Gmagick, GmagickDraw, and GmagickPixel class. Example: Below programs illustrate the Gmagick::getpackagename()Function in PHP: Original Image: C/C++ Code < 3 min read
PHP GMP Functions Complete Reference The GMP function uses arbitrary-length integers to perform mathematical operations. The GMP function contains the GMP number as an argument. Example: Program to perform the division of GMP numbers when numeric strings as GMP numbers are passed as arguments. C/C++ Code <?php // PHP program to perf 3 min read
PHP Ds\Set Functions Complete Reference Set is the collection of unique values. The implementation of Ds\Set is similar to the Ds\Map which creates a hash table. The values of Ds\Set are used as key and the mapped values are ignored. Requirements: PHP 7 is required for both extension and the compatibility polyfill. Installation: The easie 2 min read
PHP Ds\Map Functions Complete Reference A Map is a sequential collection of key-value pair which is very similar to the array. The key of a map can be of any type and it is unique. If any value added to the same key in a Map then the map value will replace. It is the efficient Data Structure in PHP 7 to provide the alternative of an array 3 min read
PHP Ds\Stack Functions Complete Reference Stack is a linear data structure that follows a particular order in which the operations are performed. The order may be LIFO(Last In First Out) or FILO(First In Last Out). The Ds\Stack uses Ds\Vector internally. Requirements: PHP 7 is required for both extension and the compatibility polyfill. Inst 2 min read
PHP Ds\Queue Functions Complete Reference A Queue is a linear data structure that follows a particular order in which the operations are performed. The order of queue is First In First Out (FIFO). Requirements: PHP 7 is required for both extension and the compatibility polyfill. Installation: The easiest way to install data structure by usi 2 min read
PHP Ds\PriorityQueue Functions Complete Reference PriorityQueue is similar to a Queue data structure. The elements of the priority queue are pushed into the queue with a given priority. The highest priority element will always been present at the front of the queue. The priority queue is implemented using the max heap. Requirements: PHP 7 is requir 2 min read
PHP Ds\Deque Functions Complete Reference A deque data structure is used to store the sequence of values in a contiguous memory buffer which grows and shrinks automatically. The deque is the abbreviation of "double-ended queue". Requirements: PHP 7 is required for both extension and the compatibility polyfill. Installation: The easiest way 3 min read
PHP Ds\Sequence Functions Complete Reference A Sequence is used to arrange the values in a single and linear dimension way. In some languages, the sequence refers to the List. The sequence is similar to the array which is used as incremental integer keys are listed below: The index value of the sequence are [0, 1, 2, …, size - 1], where size r 3 min read
PHP SPL Data structures Complete Reference Standard PHP Library (SPL) the collection of standard data structures. The SPL data structure grouped the contents according to their implementation. Example: Below programs illustrate the SplDoublyLinkedList::offsetGet() function in PHP: C/C++ Code <?php // Declare an empty SplDoublyLinkedList $ 4 min read
PHP Ds\Vector Functions Complete Reference A Vector Data Structure is used to store the sequence of values in a contiguous memory buffer which grows and shrinks automatically. The vector data structure mapped the index value to its index buffer and the growth factor isn't bound to a specific multiple or exponent. It is the efficient Data Str 3 min read
PHP DOM Functions Complete Reference PHP DOM extension is used to operate on XML documents using DOM API. The DOM extension uses UTF-8 encoding. The Complete list of PHP DOM Functions are listed below: DOMAttr PHP DOMAttr __construct() FunctionPHP DOMAttr isId() Function DOMCdataSection PHP DOMCdataSection __construct() Function DOMCha 2 min read
PHP Exercises, Practice Questions and Solutions Are you eager to master PHP or looking to sharpen your skills? Dive into our PHP Exercises, Practice Questions, and Solutions designed for both beginners and experienced developers. With our interactive platform, you can engage in hands-on coding challenges, monitor your progress, and enhance your w 3 min read
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PHP - Assignment Operators Examples

You can use assignment operators in PHP to assign values to variables. Assignment operators are shorthand notations to perform arithmetic or other operations while assigning a value to a variable. For instance, the "=" operator assigns the value on the right-hand side to the variable on the left-hand side.

Additionally, there are compound assignment operators like +=, -= , *=, /=, and %= which combine arithmetic operations with assignment. For example, "$x += 5" is a shorthand for "$x = $x + 5", incrementing the value of $x by 5. Assignment operators offer a concise way to update variables based on their current values.

The following table highligts the assignment operators that are supported by PHP −

The following example shows how you can use these assignment operators in PHP −

It will produce the following output −

PHP Assignment Operators

Php tutorial index.

PHP assignment operators applied to assign the result of an expression to a variable. = is a fundamental assignment operator in PHP. It means that the left operand gets set to the value of the assignment expression on the right.

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PHP Assignment Operators: A Comprehensive Guide for Beginners

What Are Assignment Operators?

Before we dive into the deep end, let's start with the basics. Assignment operators in PHP are like the helpful assistants in your code kitchen. They take a value and assign it to a variable, much like you'd put ingredients into a mixing bowl. The most common assignment operator is the humble equals sign (=).

The Basic Assignment Operator (=)

Let's look at a simple example:

In this case, we're telling PHP, "Hey, please remember that my_age is 25." It's that simple!

Compound Assignment Operators

Now, let's spice things up a bit. PHP has a set of compound assignment operators that combine an arithmetic operation with assignment. These operators are like kitchen gadgets that chop and mix at the same time – they're real time-savers!

Here's a table of the compound assignment operators in PHP:

Let's break these down with some tasty examples!

The Addition Assignment Operator (+=)

Here, we started with 5 apples and added 3 more. The += operator does this in one swift motion!

The Subtraction Assignment Operator (-=)

Oops! Someone ate 2 cookies. The -= operator helps us keep track of our dwindling cookie supply.

The Multiplication Assignment Operator (*=)

Rabbits multiply fast, don't they? The *= operator helps us model this rapid growth!

The Division Assignment Operator (/=)

Sharing is caring! We've divided our pizza slices by 2, perhaps to share with a friend.

The Modulus Assignment Operator (%=)

This one's a bit tricky. It divides $candies by 5 and gives us the remainder. It's like asking, "If we share 17 candies among 5 people, how many are left over?"

The Exponentiation Assignment Operator (**=)

Bacteria can double every generation. This operator helps us calculate exponential growth easily!

String Concatenation Assignment Operator (.=)

Last but not least, let's talk about the string concatenation assignment operator. It's like a word game where we keep adding new words to make a sentence.

We started with "Hello" and added " World" to it. The .= operator does this joining for us in one step!

Practical Examples

Now that we've covered all the operators, let's put them to use in a fun little program:

This program simulates a simple game where a player's score changes based on various events. Each line demonstrates a different assignment operator in action.

And there you have it, folks! We've journeyed through the land of PHP assignment operators, from the simple = to the more complex compound operators. Remember, these operators are your friends – they're here to make your coding life easier and your programs more efficient.

Practice using these operators in your own code. Try creating a simple calculator or a text-based game. The more you use them, the more natural they'll become.

Happy coding, and may your variables always be correctly assigned!

Credits: Image by storyset

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PHP Assignment Operators

In this tutorial, you shall learn about Assignment Operators in PHP, different Assignment Operators available in PHP, their symbols, and how to use them in PHP programs, with examples.